atasreening【英文】spss分析前的数据处理缺失数据,极端数据,正态检验和非正态处理.docVIP

Statistics - Spring 2008 Lab #1 - Data Screening The purpose of data screening is to: check if data have been entered correctly，such as out-of-range values. check for missing values，and deciding how to deal with the missing values? check for outliers, and deciding how to deal with outliers. check for normality, and deciding how to deal with non-normality. Finding incorrectly entered data Your first step with “Data Screening” is using “Frequencies” Select Analyze — Descriptive Statistics — Frequencies Move all variables into the “Variable(s)” window. Click OK. Output below is for only the four “system” variables in our dataset because copy/pasting the output for all variables in our dataset would take up too much space in this document. The “Statistics” box tells you the number of missing values for each variable. We will use this information later when we are discussing missing values. Statistics system 1 system 2 system 3 system 4 N Valid 327 326 325 327 Missing 0 1 2 0 ■ Each variable is then presented as a frequency table. For example，below we see the output for “system 1”. By looking at the coding manual for the “Legal beliefs” survey，you can see that the available responses for “system 1” are 1 through 11. By looking at the output below, you can see that there is a number out-of-range: “13”.(NOTE - in your dataset there will not be a “13” because I gave you the screened dataset，so I have included the “13” into this example to show you what it looks like when a number is out of range.) Since 13 is an invalid number，you then need to identify why “13” was entered. For example，did the person entering data make a mistake? Or，did the subject respond with a “13” even though the question indicated that only numbers 1 through 11 are valid? You can identify the source of the error by looking at the hard copies of the data. For example, first identify which subject indicated the “13” by clicking on the variable name to highlight it (system 1)，and then using the “find” fun