纯电动汽车两挡AMT控制系统的研究-车辆工程专业论文.docx

摘 摘 要 万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 随着石化资源的枯竭和人们对汽车环保的要求越来越高，电动汽车被推向 人们的视野，适合电动汽车使用的变速器也成为研究热点之一。AMT（Automated Mechanical Transmission）是在手动变速器的基础上，由微控制器控制换挡执行 机构实现自动换挡。AMT 既继承了手动变速器高效率、廉价的优点，又具备自 动变速器可以根据车辆状态自动切换挡位的性能。 本文基于电动汽车的驱动电机调速范围宽、能正反转的特点。结合某款电 动汽车开发了两挡、无离合、无倒挡齿轮的机械式自动变速器系统。主要研究 和创新为： 1、对该 AMT 的换挡驱动电机进行选择和比较分析，选择无刷直流电机作 为换挡电机。根据换挡时间的控制目标进行了无刷直流电机的选型号。 2、对 AMT 的动力性和经济性的换挡策略进行了研究，并设计了换挡策略。 3、基于 16 位的 Freescale MC9S12XS128 单片机设计开发了 TCU 的硬件和 软件，硬件部分主要由 MC9S12XS128 最小系统、CAN 通信接口电路、串口接 口电路、三相桥驱动电路、电源电路、电流检测电路和霍尔信号调整电路组成； 软件部分主要包括不同工况下的换挡控制策略、CAN 报文协议的定义和 CAN 报 文的收发流程等。 4、基于设计开发的 AMT 控制系统和换挡执行机构，进行了台架试验，结 果表明：设计开发的 AMT 能稳定可靠的完成挂挡和摘空挡动作；CAN 通信模 块能稳定可靠的接收与发送报文；基于驱动电机主动调速的换挡控制策略，可 缩短换挡过程的同步时间，达到减少换挡时间，降低换挡冲击和换挡顿挫感， 提高换挡平顺性和电动汽车的乘坐舒适性的目的。 关键词：两挡 AMT；无刷直流电机；换挡规律；CAN 总线；MATLAB 仿真 I AB ABSTRACT ABSTRACT With the exhaustion of fossil resources, people have higher requirements for environmentally friendly vehicles. Electric vehicles entered the peoples field of vision. The transmission of electric vehicles has become one of the hot topics. AMT is based on the manual transmission and its shift actuatoris controlled by the microcontroller to realize automatic shifting. Not only AMT inherits the advantages of efficiency and low cost of manual transmission, but also can switch gear according to the performance of the vehicle state as the automatic transmission. The paper was based on the characteristics of wide speed range and positive-negative rotating of drive motor. Combined with an electric vehicle under development, the AMT system of a two-speed, no clutch and no reverse gear was developed. Main contents and innovations are as follows: 1、Comparison and analysis of the shift drive motor of AMT was finished, thus determined the use of brushless DC motor. According to the control target of shift time, the paper selected the model of brushless DC motor. 2、Power and economy shift strategy of AMT was studied and the paper developed a shift strategy for it. 3、The paper developed the T