风力发电系统实验测试及最大功率跟踪控制研究-控制工程专业论文.docxVIP

华北电力大学硕士学位论文 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 I I 摘 要 风能作为一种无污染、可持续发展的能源越来越受到人类的重视。风力发电作 为一种风能的主要利用形式正以前所未有的速度发展，风力发电代替传统能源发电 的比例正逐步上升，并在电力系统中越来越受到欢迎和重视。 首先，本文阐述了国内外能源现状，论述了研究风电的必要性，介绍了风电研 究现状；给出了离网小型风力发电系统的系统结构，包含了定桨距风力机、永磁同 步直驱发电机、三相不可控二极管整流电路、Boost 变换器、最大功率跟踪控制器 等；介绍了风电系统的运行特性和功率调节的原理；分析研究了不同的最大功率跟 踪控制算法的原理，对叶尖速比控制、功率信号反馈控制和扰动观察法等控制算法 进行了分析比较；为了克服传统的扰动观察法的缺点，提出了一种新的变步长扰动 观察法。 其次，基于 MATLAB/Simulink 建立了离网小型风电系统仿真模型，对风电系 统的特性进行了仿真，并且对固定步长扰动法和变步长扰动法进行了仿真，仿真结 果表明，扰动观察法可以有效跟踪最大功率，与固定步长法相比，变步长扰动法提 高了最大功率跟踪的准确性和快速性。 最后，搭建了小型风力发电系统，对小型风电系统的外特性进行了测试；设计 和实现了 Boost 电路和功率控制器，对离网小型风力发电进行了最大功率跟踪控制 实验，实验结果证明扰动观察法可以有效跟踪最大功率。 关键词：风力发电；最大功率跟踪；MATLAB仿真；扰动观察法 II II Abstract Wind power is paid more and more attention by human because it’s no pollution and renewable energy. Wind power generation is developing at an unprecedented rate as a major used form of wind energy. The proportion of wind power replacing traditional energy generation is gradually rising, wind power generation is more and more popular in the power system. In this paper, firstly, the present situation about the development and utilization of wind resources is introduced and the research status of wind power generation system is summarized, then the structure of off-grid small wind power systems is given including fixed pitch wind turbine, direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator(DPMSG), three-phase diode rectifying circuit and the Boost converter, controller, etc. The basic principle of wind power and wind turbine and its operation characteristic and the principle of maximum power point tracking(MPPT) are analyzed. The principle of the existing MPPT algorithms such as the tip speed ratio control, power signal feedback control and perturbation observation method is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of them are analyzed and compared. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional perturbation observation method, the variable step perturbation method is given. Secondly, based on MATLAB/Simulink, the simulation