公共建筑中央空调系统控制优化及仿真研究-供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程专业论文.docx

摘要 摘要 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 公共建筑中央空调系统的能耗大是一个普遍存在的问题，这与其系统运行 及 控 制 策 略 有 很 大 关 系 。 论文进行集中式空调系统优化 控制研究，利用 Matlab/Simulink 仿真软件，采用自适应模糊 PID 自动控制方式，建立空调系统动态 仿真模型，旨在得到简单、可行、最节能的控制运行策略。 首先，论文运用 Matlab/Simulink 仿真软件建立了集中式空调系统各主要部件的 数学模型和仿真模型，主要包括：空调房间、表冷器、变频器、水泵和冷却塔等， 并对部分复杂部件进行了合理简化，对其中主要影响参数进行了拟合。其次，针对 空调水系统，比较了压差控制和温差控制的优劣，考虑到温差控制更加节能， 但是滞后性大的问题，本文加入 Smith 预估器，并将 Smith 预估器进行了优化， 使得预估器的控制更准确，使得系统反馈更及时有效。再次，针对 PID 控制器 的控制精度不高，可能平衡点发生振荡的缺点，本文选择采用了 自适应模糊 PID 自动控制方式进行仿真，消除了震荡，提高了系统的控制精度。最后，选择北京某 大型公共建筑为例，建立了其整个空调系统的仿真模型，选择设定了多个控制工况， 基于全年气候条件，进行了空调系统运行能耗仿真分析，最终得出了此建筑的最节 能的控制策略。 关键词：中央空调；smith 预估器；自适应模糊 PID；仿真；控制策略 Abstract The energy consumption of central air conditioning system in public buildings is a widespread issue, which is closely related to its system operation and control strategies. In this paper, the Optimal Control of centralized air conditioning systems is studied, using Matlab / Simulink simulation software and the adaptive fuzzy PID automatic control to establish the air conditioning system dynamic simulation model, whose objective is to give a simple and feasible, the most energy-efficient control operation strategy. Firstly, in this paper, the Matlab / Simulink simulation software was utilized to set up the mathematical and simulation model of the main components in central air conditioning systems, which including: air-conditioned rooms, coolers, inverters, pumps and cooling towers etc. As well some complex parts were reasonably simplified and the main influencing parameters were fitted.Secondly, for the air conditioning water system, pressure control and temperature control were compared, taking into account the temperature control was more energy-efficient . Smith predictor was added to solve the big lag problem in temperature control and while Smith predictor was optimized so that predictor control was more accurate, the system more effective and feedback timely. Again, the PID controller for control accuracy is not high, it may occurs oscillati