secondarymetaboli来tes.pptxVIP

Secondary Metabolites;Glossary（词汇表）;Primary metabolism/metabolites: (basic metabolism/metabolites) Carbohydrates Fatty acids Nucleic acid Amino acid and proteins;Secondary metabolism and secondary metabolites : Secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of organisms. Unlike primary metabolites, absence of secondary metabolites does not result in immediate death, but rather in long-term impairment of the organisms survivability, fecundity, or aesthetics, or perhaps in no significant change at all. Not ubiquitously distributed within the plant kingdom. Found only in a few plant species. Morphine, for instance, is only known from opium poppy, the hot principle of pepper is restricted to a few tropical Piper species.;Major Groups of Plant Secondary Metabolites;Lipid derivates: cutin, waxes and suberin;角质：由羟基脂肪酸聚合形成;软木酯：由由羟基脂肪酸与其他成分聚合形成;Putative megaenzyme DWA1 plays essential roles in drought resistance by regulating stress-induced wax deposition in rice;Unrooted phylogenetic tree and domain architecture of DWA1 protein orthologs in vascular plants and microbial relatives. ;Simple phenolic compounds Flavonoids： Flavanols 黄烷醇 Flavonols 黄酮醇 Flavones 黄酮 Anthocyanins 花青苷;;3-烯醇丙酮酸莽草酸-5-磷酸;莽草酸途径 是植物芳香族氨基酸合成的基本途径 是植物初生代谢与次生代谢将要产生分支的代谢节点;glyphosate;Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 50, Issue 11, November 2012, Pages 4221–4231;Abstract The health effects of a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize (from 11% in the diet), cultivated with or without Roundup, and Roundup alone (from 0.1?ppb in water), were studied 2?years in rats. In females, all treated groups died 2–3 times more than controls, and more rapidly. This difference was visible in 3 male groups fed GMOs. All results were hormone and sex dependent, and the pathological profiles were comparable. Females developed large mammary tumors (乳腺癌) almost always more often than and before controls, the pituitary (脑垂体) was the second mo