自噬在肝脏免疫耐受中的作用机制研究进展·综述·.PDF

Med J Chin PLA, Vol. 39, No. 6, June 1, 2014 　503 ·综　　述· 自噬在肝脏免疫耐受中的作用机制研究进展 杨璟辉，高晓刚，傅志仁 [摘要]　细胞自噬是存在于大部分真核细胞中的稳态机制，是一个高度保守的过程。自噬通过溶酶体对细胞内蛋 白和结构进行降解，主要目标为不被需要的生物大分子、受损伤的细胞骨架、衰老的细胞器等。因此，细胞自噬不仅 是一种细胞的自我死亡方式，也是一种细胞的自我保护机制，与细胞凋亡、衰老一样，是十分重要的生物学现象，参 与生物的发育、生长等多种过程。近年来，多篇文献报道肝脏内部以溶酶体介导的自噬性降解不仅能维持肝脏内稳态 的平衡，更是远远超出了清除细胞器和胞内蛋白等功能。自噬还能通过抗原递呈，在应激过程中，特别是免疫炎症反 应的应答和器官排斥中发挥重要作用。本文就近年来自噬在肝脏免疫耐受中的调控及作用机制做一综述，以期进一步 深入了解和认识自噬在肝脏移植免疫中的重要影响和潜在的治疗价值。 [关键词]　自噬；免疫耐受；肝移植 [中图分类号]　R392.4　　　　[文献标志码]　A　　　　[文章编号]　0577-7402 (2014)06-0503-04 [DOI]　10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2014.06.16 Role of autophagy in the mechanism of liver immune tolerance * YANG Jing-hui, GAO Xiao-gang, FU Zhi-ren Department of Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second M ilitary Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China * Corresponding author, E-mail: zhirenfu@163.com This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Abstract]　Cell autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism that exists in most eukaryotic cells, and it is known as a kind of highly conservative process. Autophagy can degrade intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes, and the main targets are needless biological macromolecules, damaged cytoskeleton, aging organelles, and so on. Therefore, autophagy is not only a way of cell death, but also a self-protection mechanism, just like apoptosis and senescence, and it participates in a lot of physiological processes, including the development and the growth of an organism. The characterization of hepatic autophagy being reported over years has revealed that lysosome-mediated degradation is important not only for the maintenance of liver homeostasis. In fact, the funct