变焦系统小型化技术研究光学工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 近年来随着加工工艺水平的不断提高，光学新材料的不断出现，变焦系统的 种类越来越丰富，性能也可与定焦系统相媲美，因此被广泛应用于航天、国防、 宇宙探索、科研、教育、生产、医疗卫生、消费电子产品等各个工作生活领域。 本文研究了变焦系统小型化设计的途径和方法，讨论了变焦系统设计的一般 方法，并在此基础上确定了初始结构，对其进行优化分析，最终设计了一个波长 为O．4358—0．6563¨m，焦距的变化范围为30—600姗，变倍比为20倍，相对孔 径为1：5，像高为4脚，畸变小于5％，系统总长小于480姗，后截距大于20mm 的负组补偿变焦系统。然后对像面进行了补偿，通过微量调整各组份之间的空气 间隔，可以在不影响焦距的前提下找到最佳成像面。最后通过一种变焦凸轮曲线 优化的新方法设计出比较平滑且压力角较小的凸轮曲线，使结构更紧凑，凸轮曲 线平滑稳定易加工。 关键词：变焦系统光学设计像质评价凸轮曲线设计 ABSTRACTIn ABSTRACT In resent years，wim t11e improvement of opticaJ process alld me inCreaSe of new optical materials，many kinds of zoom systems haVe appeared aIld the same good imaging quali够aS tlle fixed-focus syStems．As a result，t11ey IlaVe been、析dely印plied to maIly fields，such as space flight，national defense，space research，scientiflc research，education，proihlCtion，medical， heal廿1 and elec仃ic production and so on． In tllis tllesis，tlle generaJ memods of zoom systems compact s订uctuI．e、vere ana Iyzed aIld common desiglling metllods of zoom systems were discussed．The iIlitial s仃Ilcture waS detemiIled on tllese foulldations，Then tlle optimization aIld aI】甜ysis were executed， Eventually a negative compensation zoom System was designed．The optical design finally reaches tlle teclmical requirements．ⅥmenⅡle wave lengtll is舶m O．4358 to 0．6562Llm，t11e focal lengtll is行om 30mm to 600mm．aIld t11e vaIi a_ble time ratio is 20，t11e relative aperture is 1：5，me image height is 4IIun and tlle distortion is less than 5％， me system leng曲is less than 480mm and the back f-ocal leng曲is more than 20mm．Furthennore，the image Dositions were compensated by slightly moVing tlle s印aration of eaCh行action witllout t11e chaIlge of focal lengtll．B佗ntually，a small pressure a119le，steady aIld smoom cam clllWe was designed by a new optimurn metllod of zoom c锄curve，wllich was eaSily processed and a compact structure． Key words： zoom systems optical design imagery quali坶 assessment cam curVe design 第一章绪论 第一章绪论 1．1变焦系统的应用背景 早在20世纪，变焦系统就广泛应用于显微、照相、望远等领域中。近年来， 随着光学仪器的不断发展，变焦镜头发展迅速起来，逐渐向着高变倍比、大相对 孔径、小