板式萃取塔降液管结构变化对传质影响的cfd研究化学工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要筛板萃取塔由于其处理量大，结构简单，造价低廉，被广泛应用于化工生产 摘要 筛板萃取塔由于其处理量大，结构简单，造价低廉，被广泛应用于化工生产 过程。塔内液液两相的流动结构对传质效率有重要影响，而塔内连续相流动结构 又与塔内件结构密切相关。为此，本文提出通过对传统筛板塔内降液管结构的改 造，使塔内连续相流动结构得到改善，进而提高塔的萃取效率。关于本文提出的 传统筛板萃取塔结构改造形式的相关研究尚未见文献报道。 本文首先对传统筛板萃取塔内连续相流动结构进行了CFD二维模拟。结果 ‘l 表明传统筛板萃取塔内，连续相在塔板上局部区域流速过大，会促成连续相在两 层塔板问形成一个回流死区，对两相接触传质极为不利。 ●- 为此，本文在传统筛板萃取塔结构基础上，提出几种关于传统筛板萃取塔的 结构改造形式，主要通过改变塔内降液管的结构，以及添加导流挡板，来改善塔 内连续相的流动结构。本课题通过CFD模拟手段来预测塔内连续相流动情况， 并利用PIV测速实验来验证模拟结果。通过比较分析，表明模拟结果与实验结果 基本一致。模拟和实验结果均表明，当降液管结构改变后，塔内连续相流动结构 得到改善。在改造后的塔内，连续相流速分布更加均匀，两层塔板间连续相漩涡 流动减弱，漩涡流速减小，回流区面积减小，使塔内两层塔板间近2／3空间得到 有效利用。 在连续相流动结构研究的基础上，本文对不同降液管结构形式的萃取过程进 行初步的传质研究。模拟物系为煤油．醋酸．水，利用煤油萃取水中的醋酸。通过 比较不同结构形式下连续相的进出口浓度差，从而得到各塔的传质效率。结果发 现，改变降液管结构能够有效提高传质效率，在本文模拟范围内，最高可提高传 质效率66％。 关键词： 筛板萃取塔；塔器改造；连续相；流动结构；CFD；PIV ABSTRACTSieve ABSTRACT Sieve extraction column has a large work capacity,a simple structure，and a low manufacturing cost,SO this column has been widely used in chemical engineering process．Both of the continuous and disperse phases’flowing pattern is one of the most important factors influencing extraction efficiency,and this flowing pattern has a close relation with the column structure．So in this paper,the structure of column has been modified to improve the continuous phase flowing pattern，which can also increase the efficiency．The modified sieve extraction column structures in this paper have not been reported before． The flowing pattern of continuous phase in traditional sieve extraction column has been simulated．Simulation results show that in traditional column the velocity of continuous phase on some pans of sieve plate is too fast，which can cause a big vortex in the area between two sieve plates in the column．The vortex area is not advantageous for two phase extraction process． In this paper，based on the traditional sieve extraction column structure，some modified structures of sieve extraction column have been proposed．The down comer structure has been modified and the baffle plates have been added，in order to improv