交通运输价格市场化分析-经济史专业论文.docxVIP

摘要摘 摘要 摘 要 交通运输业是国民经济的基础产业，在国民经济发展中具有全局 性、先导性的战略地位。多年来的改革实践取得了许多宝贵的成绩和 经验，但仍有许多方面亟待进一步深化改革，其中，运价的市场化改 革就是一个重要的方面。 运价市场化问题是运价机制改革的主要问题，主要包括：运价形 成机制、运价约束机制和运价宏观调控机制。其中，运价形成机制 是整个运价机制的核心，有什么样的运价形成机制，就应有与之相 适应的运价约束机制和运价宏观调控机制，运价约束机制和运价宏 观调控机制是运价形成机制的基础和保证。本文所讨论的问题是运 价形成机制如何由政府定价向市场定价转换的问题，以及在市场化的 进程中如何建立与之相适应的约束机制和宏观调控机制的问题。 现代交通运输系统包括航空、铁路、公路、水路、管道五种运输 方式，各有其不同的技术经济特点。本文首先回顾了一下各种运输方 式的现状及其发展历程。通过对现状和发展历程的介绍来找出现行运 价机制存在的主要问题。接着通过对国外交通运输业的现状及其发展 历程的介绍，来借鉴其成功的发展经验。然后讨论了一下运价市场化 改革的条件和客观依据。最后提出运价市场化改革的基本思路、目标、 原则，再分别五种运输方式提出其改革的具体措施建议。 关键字：运价机制运价市场化交通运输 AbstractAbstract Abstract Abstract AS thc leading strategic status in economicaI development． transportation iS the basic industry of nationa】economy．It llas to be further reformed although we llave got some achievements and experiences in this field due tO several years of reform pl‘actiecs．The marketization oftransportation taftffiS one ofthe most important aspects． The marketization of transportation taftff iS the main contents of ca“ff mechanism refoITn，including the determination of transportation tariff,the constraints of transportation tariff and the macro control of transportation tarift．As the core of the entire transportation taftff mechanism，the determination of transportation tariff decides the other aspects related to this question．Its base and guarantee are the constraints and macro contr01 of transportation taftfE The thesis of this article iS foCHS on the transformation of transportation tadff mechanism from government．decided to market—decided and how to build the constraints and macro control mechanism accordingly during the process of marketization． Aviation，railway,road，waterway and pipeline are the main methods of modern transportation system．Each one has its own technicai characteristics．The first chapter of this article reviews the status quo and the process of development of each transportation method to find out the main problem that exists in nowadays transportation taftff mechanism． Then the exper