基于dsPIC6014A的同步电动机励磁装置的研究-电气工程专业论文.docxVIP

河北工业大学硕士学位论文 基于 dsPIC6014A 的同步电动机励磁装置的研究 摘 要 同步电动机在工业上的用途主要有两个，一是作为普通的工业电机，由于其结构较简 单、维护方便、功率因数和效率较高、机械特性硬、气隙较大便于安装使用、转矩受电源 电压影响小及过载能力较强等优点，而备受生产部门的青睐。二是作为改善电网的无功补 偿机，由于其具有可调的功率因数，且功率因数调制机理简单，补偿效率高，因此得到了 广泛的应用。 励磁系统对同步电机及电力系统的安全稳定运行有着重要的作用，励磁系统是同步电 机正常工作的核心部件。工业的发展要求同步电机的励磁系统有更好的性能，要求励磁系 统具有限制、报警、监控、保护等功能。 本文介绍一种基于 dsPIC6014A 控制器芯片的同步电动机微机励磁装置。课题的主要 内容包括系统软硬件的设计与实现，首先介绍了励磁装置所必需的硬件电路，主要有 CPU 主控电路、触发脉冲放大电路、滑差检测电路以及各种故障检测电路，然后介绍了该装置 的软件组成，采用 C 语言实现模块化程序设计，用软件来控制顺极性投励，实现起动过热 保护，失步再整步以及高精度的 PID 运算等功能。该装置采用恒电流和恒功率因数两种运 行方式，可以任意切换。基于 dsPIC6014A 的同步电动机微机励磁装置具有硬件简单，抗 干扰能力强，控制精度高等特点。 关键词：同步电动机，励磁，微控制器，失步 i 基于 dsPIC6014A 的同步电动机励磁装置的研究 RESEARCH ON SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR EXCITATION DEVICE BASED ON dsPIC6014A ABSTRACT Synchronous motor mainly has two applications in industry. The first one is used to be an ordinary motor. This motor is simple, easy to maintain, high of power factor and efficiency, hard of mechanical trait, easy to install, and capable of over-loading. So, it has been in the great favor of the manufactory department. The second one is used to be a supply the systems reactive power for improving national grid. That is because it has adjustable power factor and the method of adjust is very simple, and highly efficient for compensatory. Excitation system is an important part to keep synchronous motor and eleetric power system running steadily and safely. The excitation system of synchronous motor is the core components for its normal work. The development of industry demand that the excitation system has a better performance and some functions such as restrictions, alarm and protection. A kind of micro-controller excitation equipment of synchronous motor which is based on dsPIC6014a control-chip is given. This paper presents the design and implementation of the software and hardware. First of all the necessary hardware electric-circle is introduced, such as the CPU control circuit, the component of the trigger pulse magnifying, the slip differential detecting and all kind