2019河高高三英语语法专题讲练——定语从句.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 4 河高高三英语语法专题讲练——定语从句 编制人：李静 审核人：安艳 序号：6 班级: 姓名: 小组: 定语从句的基本概念 1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词：where, when, why等。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。 Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read. (that I have read是定语从句；novel是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作have read的宾语。) 关系代词as引导的定语从句 限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。1）当先行词为整个句子时，只能用非限制性定语从句。引导这类从句的关系代词只有as和which。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可置于句首、句中和句末，“正如……，正像……”。而which引导非限定性定语从句不能置于句首，“这”。 2）as也可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于下列句式：① such + 名词+ as …② the same + 名词+ as …； 3) 在以下结构中，一般也用as: as (it)appears, as (it)seems, as (it)often happens, as (it)was pointed out / said / reported / announced, as (it)was said earlier, as I remember (it), as is well－known, as is known to all, as anybody can see等。 She?must?pay?for?what?she?has?done,?which?/?as?is?natural.? She, as we all know, can speak three foreign languages. As was pointed out, this kind of substance(物质) is poisonous. This is the same book as I lost yesterday. ( the same…as… 表示与…同样，但不是同一个) This is the same book that I lost yesterday. ( the same…that… 表示同一个，就是那一个) 三．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词一般只有which，whom。先行词是物时，用which，先行词是人时，用whom。that与 who 不能用在介词后。 介词的选择 依据定语从句中动词与形容词的搭配习惯来确定。 I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved. (spend on) Ours is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud. (be proud of) 2) 依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 3）“名词/代词+ of + 关系代词”结构 在非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可以用“名词/代词+ of + 关系代词”的结构。常见的有some/ several / a few/ a little/ many/ more/ most/ the largest … of which/ whom等形式。 There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing. He paid the boy＄10 for washing ten