碱性二次锌电极活性物质的制备及电化学性能的研究-物理化学专业论文.docxVIP

碱性二次锌电极活性物质的制备及电化学性能的研究 碱性二次锌电极活性物质的制备及电化学 性能的研究 摘要 本文首先概述了化学电源的发展和锌基电池的研究现状，分析了可充锌电极 存在的变形、枝晶、腐蚀与钝化的原因及其解决途径。在此基础上，开展了锌电 极活性物质的制备及改性方面的研究。 锌酸钙能够有效地降低锌电极活性物质在碱性溶液中的溶解度，提高其电化 学性能。本论文深入细致地探讨了通过化学共沉淀法合成锌酸钙的具体反应条 件，特别是反应液pH值对于样品电化学性能的影响。实验结果表明，在较低pH 值时锌酸钙很难形成，在pH值为11．15时制备的锌酸钙样品含量高且结晶度良 好。电化学性能测试证明，以该样品作为活性物质的锌电极的变形和枝晶生长受 到了明显的抑制，有效的提高了电极的电化学性能。 为了进一步提高锌酸钙的电化学性能，本论文采用高温方法对锌酸钙进行了 处理。实验结果表明，随着热处理温度的升高，样品先后失去结晶水、吸附水和 层间水，样品的主要成分和表面形貌都发生了明显变化。电化学测试显示，在氢 氧化钙分解前的温度下(550。C)处理的样品电化学性能有了明显提高，容量衰退 减缓。 本文最后探索了氧化锌的表面改性处理，得到了分散性较好的样品，电极的 循环寿命得到了提高。 关键词：锌电极，枝晶，变形，锌酸钙，制备，化学共沉淀，pH值， 高温处理，ZnO，化学掺杂，循环寿命，溶解度，表面改性 Preparation Preparation and electrochemical performance of active materials of secondary alkaline zinc electrode Abstract The paper first described the history of batteries and the development of zinc—based batteries．The mechanisms of shape change，dendrite formation，corrosion and passivation of secondary alkaline zinc electrode were analyzed．Then，the doped or surface modified active materials of zinc electrode were studied． Calcium zincate Can improve the performance of zinc electrodes by decreasing the solubility of the active material in the alkaline solution．Therefore，in this paper, the effects of preparation conditions such as pH values etc．，on the structure and electrochemical performance ofthe chemically coprecipitated calcium—containing zinc active material have been investigated in detail．The experimental results showed that the formation of calcium zincate is difficult at relatively lower pH value and the sample synthesized at pH21 1．1 5 is a typical calcium zincate crystal．The zinc electrode using this sample as active material showed better electrochemical performance because its shape change and dendrite growth were efficiently inhibited． In order to improve the electrochemical performance further,calcium zincate was treated at high temperatures in the second section of this paper．The experimental results showed that combined water,absorbed water and layered water