节肥条件下菌渣还田对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响-农业资源利用专业论文.docxVIP

独创性 独创性声明 万方数据 万方数据 摘要 摘要 万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 近年来“桑枝―黑木耳―单季稻”粮经结合的新型轮作方式，在许多地方得到 了迅速发展。以养蚕后的废弃桑枝用于黑木耳栽培生产，黑木耳栽培于休闲的稻田， 黑木耳栽培后的废弃菌渣还田种稻。食用菌菌渣含有丰富的作物生长所需的营养成 分，是一种优质的有机肥，科学还田循环利用，不仅能改善土壤结构、提高土壤肥 力、增加作物产量，也可节约农业生产成本，实现“桑叶养蚕，桑枝种耳，菌渣作 肥”的循环利用，化害为利，变废为宝，达到农业增效、农民增收，有力地促进了 美好乡村和“三农”环境、生态、经济建设。本文通过菌渣还田种稻研究了菌渣还 田对水稻产量、土壤肥力和土壤有机碳的影响，开展稻耳轮作制度体系的效益分析。 结论如下： （1）定位试验表明，菌渣、化肥配施能提高水稻的产量，但是单一菌渣还田不 足以满足水稻生长对养分的需求会引起减产，足量的菌渣还田(C50F50)对维持水稻生 产显示出重要作用； （2）施用菌渣能够显著提高土壤的有机质，菌渣-化肥配施对有机质积累的促进 作用往往优于单施化肥处理；菌渣还田能够提高土壤活性有机碳的含量；长期菌渣 还田能降低土壤容重，连续 3 年菌渣还田，土壤容重由对照的 1.3 g/cm3，降至相对 菌渣还田 50%的 1.1 g/cm3； （3）利用桑枝种耳、菌渣还田种稻，在稻-耳轮作体系下，农民增收主要表现在 生产成本的下降和黑木耳产量的提高；因为废弃物循环利用从而有利于生态环境的 保护和改善，具有显著的社会、生态和经济效益。 关键词：菌渣还田；稻-耳轮作；土壤有机质；土壤肥力；生态 I AB ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Rice - edible fungus rotation system is a new agricultural regime and rapidly developing. After rice harvest, the paddy field is arranged for edible fungus (black fungus, Auricularia auricula judae) cultivation, which uses mulberry sticks as the major component for culture medium. And the large amount of the residue, a waste after the edible fungus cultivation, can be returned to rice field for rice growth. The fungus residue would cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste if it is not treated properly or reutilized. The residue is rich in nutrients and organic matter, which can be a high quality organic fertilizer. In present study, field experiments were conducted to examine the rice yield response and to analyze the ecological, economic and social benefits of the rice - edible fungus rotation system while with fungus residue return to the rice field. Conclusions are as follows: Combined application of fungus residue and chemical fertilizers in ation increased rice yield, but single residue application wass insufficient to meet rice growing demand for nutrients so that resulted in grain yield reduction. Residue application could significantly increase soil organic matter content and soil labile organic carbon as well. Moreover, long-term residu