大五上2011级-4.卫生评价.pdfVIP

卫生评价 参考书目 Rossi, P. H. and H. E. Freeman(1993). Evaluation: A System Approach. Newbury Park, California, SAGE Publications, Inc. GUIDELINE：控制和评价 绩效评价 卫生项目/政策评价 卫生体系评价 Do things right Do right things——Peter Drucker Results-Based Management (RBM) （经营结果导向管理） RBMisamanagementstrategythatfocusesonperformanceandachievementsofresults. MBO (managementby objectives) （目标管理） 管理的职能：计划、组织、领导、控制→实现组织预期目标 一、控制和评价  控制的概念  控制的类型  控制的必要性  控制的过程  控制的策略和工具 1.控制(control) Theprocess ofmonitoring activities toensurethattheyarebeing accomplished as planned and of correcting any significant deviations. The Purpose of Control To ensure that activities are completed inways that lead to accomplishment of organizational goals. 2.控制的类型 1）Feedforward control （预先控制）：预防性控制、问题识别、方案评估 2）Concurrent Control （过程控制） 3）Feedback Control （事后控制） 控制和计划的动态关系 3.控制的意义 1）控制的必要性： 确保行动和目标的一致性：优选方案、保证计划的执行力、动态调整计划 员工赋权运动（Employee empowerment）：管理者不可能事必躬亲！ Corporate governance 工作场所保护：隐私、暴力、盗窃（workplace theft 85%） 4.控制的过程 The Process of Control 测量-绩效 Measuring actual performance. 比较-标准 Comparing actual performance against a standard. 行动-调整 Taking action to correct deviations or inadequate standards. ①Comparing Determining the degree of variation between actual performance and the standard. ②Taking Managerial Action  “Doing nothing”  Correcting actual (current)performance Change strategy, structure, compensation scheme, or training programs; redesign jobs; or fire employees  Revising the standard Resetting goals that were initially set too low or too high. Managerial Decisions in the Control Process 5.Control Strategy （控制策略） 1）Market Control （市场控制） Emphasizestheuseofexternalmarketmechanismstoestablishthestandardsused in the control system. External measures: price competit