人工智能课件第四次课.pptVIP

基本路径搜索和航点应用Basic Pathfinding and Waypoints At its most basic level, pathfinding is simply the process of moving the position of a game character from its initial location to a desired destination. 基本路径搜索是从初始位置移动到目标位置的过程。 基本路径搜索Basic pathfinding algorithm if(positionXdestinationX) positionX--; else if(positionXdestinationX) positionX++; if(positionYdestinationY) positionY--； else if(positionYdestinationY) positionY++; 限制条件Some limitations 障碍问题Problems with obstacles （1）随机运动避开障碍Random Movement Obstacle Avoidance Random movement can be a simple and effective method of obstacle avoidance. 随机运动能够简单而有效地解决避开障碍。 Random movement obstacle avoidance algorithm if player in line of sight { following straight path to player } else { move in random direction } （2）围绕障碍物的追踪Tracing Around Obstacles This method can be effective when attempting to find a path around large obstacles, such as a mountain range in a strategy or role-playing game. 解决围绕大障碍物寻找路径的问题。 基本追踪Basic tracing 存在的问题Problem with tracing Deciding when to stop tracing? 什么时候停止追踪？ We need a way to determine when we should switch from the tracing state back to a simple pathfinding state. 如何从追踪状态转换为路径搜索状态？ One way of accomplishing this is to calculate a line from the point the tracing starts to the desired destination. 解决方法-计算从追踪开始点到目标点的直线距离。 改进的追踪Improved tracing 改进的追踪Improved tracing Tracing the outskirts of the obstacle until the line connecting the starting point and desired destination is crossed ensures that the path doesn’t loop back to the staring point. 沿着障碍物外围追踪时，穿过障碍物连接开始点和目标点，防止追踪路径又回到起点。 视线追踪Tracing with line of sight 视线追踪Tracing with line of sight We follow the outskirts of the obstacle, but at each step we check to see if the destination is in the computer-controlled character’s line of sight. 每一步检测是否处在视线之内。 If so, we switch from a tracing state to a line-of-sight pathfinding state. 处在视线之内，路径搜索从追踪状态转换为视线搜索状态。 （3）标记路径搜索Breadcrumb Pathfinding Breadcrumb pathfinding can