广州和东莞市夏季大气挥发性有机化合物的污染特征-分析化学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 HCFC 22、一氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、1，2-二氯乙烷、 三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯： (3)关于主要NMHC空间分布差异程度，广州市区的差异明显，东莞市区的 差异较小，但在周边城镇的差异较大。这是由广州和东莞不同的城市模式 引起的。广州面积较大，功能区的职能迥异：东莞城镇界线不分明，没有 突出的城市中心区，表现为东莞市区面积小，周边城镇面积大而且发展不 平衡。广州和东莞的NMHC日变化规律表明，NMHC浓度主要随着车流 量的变化而变化。在广州，机动车不完全燃烧排放的特征化合物——乙炔 和异戊烷——与绝大多数的NMHC的相关性良好说明了交通排放是大多 数NMHC的重要来源。东莞市区与周边城镇的NMHC与特征物的相关性 不如广州市区好，表明东莞的NMHC的来源除机动车排放外，工业排放 也是其重要来源： (4)在广州和东莞，总体上卤代烃浓度的空间差异不明显，但HCFC 22、二 氯甲烷、三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯等化合物的波动较大，这与其用途和用量有 直接关系。由于卤代烃化学性质稳定、排放源较分散，采样位置与排放源 的接近程度是影响卤代烃浓度的最重要因素。在广州，卤代烃的浓度与采 样点的交通流量和人口密度没有必然的关系；在东莞，卤代烃的浓度水平 与采样点附近的工业种类或密度较为密切。 关键词：挥发性有机化合物(VOC)：非甲烷碳氢(NMHC)；卤代烃；广州 东莞；空间分布；排放源 Ⅱ AbstractCharacterizing Abstract Characterizing the volatile organic compounds in ambient atmosphere of Guangzhou and Dongguan in summer Major：Analytical Chemistry Name：Su Guangning Supervisor：Associate Professor Zou Shichun Abstract Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have great impacts ON the environment and human health．The air quality becomes increasingly deteriorated in cities in China during the process of rapid economic development and urbanization．Howeveq few researches have been performed on the VOCs in China．As a result，the database of ambient VOCs either in city or regional scale is very incomplete．In order to estimate the characteristics of VOCs in Guangzhou and Dongguan，intensive sampling using SUMMA canisters during September 2005 has been conducted in this study．Total 88 VOC species including non—methane hydrocarbons(NMHCs)，halocarbons，alkyl nitrates and volatile organic sulfur compounds(VOSCs)，are analyzed by preconcentration·GC／FID，ECD and MS，and their temporal and spatial variations have been studies．The possible sources of VOCs and their major components also discussed in this dissertation．Some important results are obtained as follows． I)The average concentrations of ambient VOCs in urban Guangzhou，urban Dongguan and Dongguan towns are 60．I．42．4 and 44．7 ppbv,respectively；the average concentration of VOCs in Guangzhou roadside site is 14l ppbv．A few sa