过高违约金的调整问题研究-法律;法学专业论文.docxVIP

《合同法》将违约金与违约造成的损失相联系，并赋予法官和仲 《合同法》将违约金与违约造成的损失相联系，并赋予法官和仲 裁员一定的自由裁量权，《合同法解释》又规定确定违约金是否过高 的多种综合标准，但是，无论是《合同法》还是《合同法解释》都对 怎样界定违约金为“过高、在什么幅度内进行调整等一系列问题没 有一个特别明确的规定，从而导致理论界和司法实务界对违约金过高 问题认识的不统一，致使在具体案件的处理过程中，无论是法官还是 律师，对违约金的适用问题经常感到困惑，无所适从。 鉴于此，本文通过对过高违约金基本问题的考察，对违约金过高 的法律调整问题从违约金过高如何界定、调整过高违约金的必要性、 过高违约金调整中的缺陷、调整时考虑的多种因素等违约金调整制度 中的一些重要问题进行了研究，并从申请调整的主体、进行调整的机 构、调整方式、举证责任分配、法官释明权等方面进行了比较深入的 探讨，在此基础上提出了自己的一些不成熟的观点和建议。 关键字：过高违约金，必要性，缺陷，调整，参考因素 IQUIDATEDof IQUIDATED of contract what is according to the principle of freedom of contract to pre—determined the amount of liquidated damages．breach of contract issues is an important institutional arrangements what have some theoretical value and obvious practical significance．Liquidated damages as a remedy maj or parties to the contract，is not only quickly and easily,but also can save the trouble that the court have to waste time in the calculation of losses what iS conducive to the effectiveness of court work，and the breach of contract will play the role of warning and supervisory to urge the parties to perform the obligations． ”Contract Law”contacts the breach of contract with the loss，and give judge or arbitrator some discretion，interpretation of contract law” and whether provides the liquidated damages shall be determined in a variety of comprehensive standard is too high，but whether it is”Contract Law”or”interpretation of contract law’’does not clearly provide how to define the liquidated damages as’’too high”，how to adjust the rangement Il of of the excessive liquidated damages what leading to theory and judicial practice on the issue of liquidated damages knowledge is not uniform， resulting in the processing of specific cases，either judges or lawyers，are often confused and disoriented to the application of liquidated damages． View of this，this article will study a number of important basic issues of excessive liquidated damages from how to define the penalty is too high，the necessity to adjust the excessive liquidated d