共享单车的外部性分析及发展策略研究.docVIP

共享单车的外部性分析及发展策略研究 刘家林刘智丽 北京交通大学城市交通复杂系统理论与技术教育部 重点实验室 为了厘清共享单车参与各方的权利与义务，更好地发挥市场调节作用，提高资 源配置效率，从共享单车的经济外部性特征入手，运用经济学成本收益理论分 析了共享单车的负外部性产生的原因，论证了共享单车外部成本管理的必要性, 最后从外部成木内部化角度，面向政府、企业和用户分别提出了管理策略，为共 享单车的可持续发展提供参考。研究结果表明，共享单车的正外部性主要体现在 促进自行车出行，优化交通结构，促进交通领域节能减排;负外部性主要体现在 挤占道路资源，车辆乱停乱放，安全隐患突出；消减共享单车负外部性的根本手 段是控制共享单车的规模在动态最优投放量附近。在市场价格调节机制失灵的情 况下，必须发挥政府的激励作用，将可持续发展目标、共享单车企业、共享单车 使用者紧密联系起来，共同消减共享单车带来的负外部成本。 关键词： 共享单车;外部性;外部成本内部化;动态最优投放量;可持续发展;政府干 预； 刘家林（1993—）,男，甘肃天水人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为 交通运输规划与管理。E-mai 1bjtu. edu. cno 2017-07-03 Externalities and Development Countermeasures of Bike-Sharing LIU Jia-lin LIU Zhi-li MOEKey Laboratory f orUrbanlmnsportaH on Complex Systems Theory and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University; Abstract： In order to clarify the rights and duties of bike-sharing participants, strengthen the market function, and improve the efficiency of resource allocation， the causes of negativc externalitics of bike-sharing were analyzed by using cost-benefit theory and the necessity of the external cost management of bike-sharing was demonstrated based on economic exterality characteristic of bike-sharing. Finally, from the perspective of internalization of external costs, some memagement strategies were proposed for the government，enterprises and users to provide references for sustainable development of bike-sharing. The research results show that the positive externalities of bike-sharing are mainly to promote bicycle travel, optimize traffic structure, promote energy-saving and emission-reduction; the negative exterrml ities of bike_sharing are mainly excessive occupy road resources, parking bike at will, and safety hazards prominent. The fundamental way to reduce the negative externalities of bike-sharing is to control the scale near the dynamic optimal allocation. In the absenee of market price adjustment mechanism, the relati on among the goal of sus tain able deve lopmen t, ent erprises and users should be strengthcncd to reduce the externeil cos