开链烷烃的英文命名.pptVIP

开链烷烃的英文命名 CH4 CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3 Methane Ethane Propane Butane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 pentane Hexane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3 (CH2)6C H3 Heptane Octane nonane decane undecane dodecane tridecane icosane denicosane (21) triacontane dentriacontane (31) 开链烷烃的英文命名 开链烷烃的英文命名 普通命名法的局限 开链烷烃的英文命名 烷基（Alkyl）——烷烃分子中从形式上消除一个氢的部分，通常用 R- 表示，英文 用 “ yl ” 替代 “ ane ” Methane —— Methyl CH3- Me Ethane —— Ethyl CH3CH2- Et n-Propane —— n-Propyl CH3CH2CH2- n-Pro CH3CH2CH3 isopropyl (CH3)2CH- i-Pro n-Butane —— n-Butyl CH3CH2CH2CH2- n-Bu CH3CH2CH2CH3 sec-Butyl CH3CH2CHCH3 sec-Bu iso-Butane—— iso-Butyl (CH3)2CHCH2- i-Bu (CH3)2CHCH3 tert-Butyl (CH3)3C- tert-Bu 开链烷烃的英文命名 烷烃中碳和氢的种类 Primary（1o）, secondary（ 2o ）, tertiary（ 3o ）, quaternary C（ 4o ）, but only primary, secondary, tertiary H 开链烷烃的英文命名 系统命名法(IUPAC Rules) IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 开链烷烃的英文命名 直链烷烃同普通命名法，取消“正”字 支链烷烃： 1. Determine the number of carbon in the longest continuous carbon chain----This chain is called the parent hydrocarbon. 2. Number the chain so that the substituent gets the lowest possible number. 开链烷烃的英文命名 3. Cite the name of the alkyl substituent before the parent hydrocarbon. —— A number and a word are separated by a hyphen; numbers are separated by a comma. di, tri, tetra is used to express the number of the same substituents 开链烷烃的英文命名 And list substituents in alphabetical order. —— “di, tri, tetra, sec, and tert” are ignored in alphabetizing. “iso, neo, and cyclo” are not ignored in alphabetizing.