心理学专业外语Thecognitiveapproachtopsychology.docVIP

The cognitive approach to psychology 心理学的认知研宄方法 ‘???cognition refers to all those processes by which sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered and used.“cognition is involved in everything a human being might possibly do Neisser （1966） 认知涉及到所有这些过程：感觉输入、转换、衰减、整合、储存、恢复和运用…… 认知可能涉及到人们做的任何事情。奈赛尔（1966） Origins and history 起源和历史 The cognitive approach began to revolutionise psychology in the late 1950s and early 1960s, to become the dominant paradigm in the subject by the 1970s. 认知研究方法起源于20世纪50年代末至60年代初的心理学变革，并且到20 世纪70年代成为这一学科（心理学）中占支配地位的范式。 Interest in mental processes had been gradually resurrected through the work of people like Tolman and Piaget ， but it was the arrival of the computer that gave cognitive psychology the terminology and metaphor it needed to ivestigate human minds. 经过托尔曼和皮亚杰等人的努力，心理学研允逐渐恢复了对心理过程的兴趣，但 是，直到计算机时代的到来，认知心理学才获得了研宄人类心理所需要的术语和 隐喻。 Cognitive psychology compares the human mind to a computer, suggesting that we too are information processors and that it is possible and desirable to study the internal mental processes that lie between the stimuli we receive and the responses we make. 认知心理学把人类的大脑比作计算机，认为两者都是信息加工器，并且认为研宂 位于我们接收到刺激和做出反应之间的内部心理过程是可能的和值得做的。 Cognition means’ knowing ’ and cognitive processes refer to the ways in which knowledge is gained, used and retained.Therefore, cognitive psychologists have studied perception, attention, memory, thinking, language, and problem solving. 认知的意思是“知晓”，认知过程涉及到知识的获得、使用和保持的方式。因此， 认知心理学家已经研究了知觉、注意、记忆、思维、语言和问题解决。 Cognitive psychology has influenced and integrated with many other approaches and areas of study to produce, for example， social learning theory， cognitive neuropsychology, and artificial intelligence. 认知心理学己经影响并整合了许多其他研究方法和研究领域，产生了，诸如，社 会学习理论、认知神经心理学和人工锊能。 Assumptions 理论假设 Cognitive psychologists assume that 认知心理学家假设： mental processes can and should be investigated scientifically 心理过程能够并应该得到科学的研宄 models of psychological functions can be proposed 能够提出（拟建）心理功能模型 research