空心球Al微孔材料的压缩变形行为和吸能性能研究-材料学专业毕业论文.docx

哈尔滨工业大学工学博士学位论文 哈尔滨工业大学工学博士学位论文 A Abastract 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 心球由圆形逐渐被压缩成椭圆。仿照闭孔泡沫铝的单胞模型建立了空心球/Al 微孔材料的单胞模型，对模型的受力分析显示材料的屈服强度和弹性模量与粒 径成倒数关系，得到了材料压缩强度和模量的预测公式。 空心球/Al 微孔材料的微观变形方式主要与基体的变形能力有关，与空心 球无关。基体的变形能力强，压缩时空心球随着基体共同变形，空心球逐层破 碎；基体的变形能力差时，空心球的赤道处优先变形、开裂，空心球迅速坍塌。 空心球/Al 微孔材料具有优异的吸能能力，适合应用于冲击防护的场合， 本文制备了一种含空心球/Al 微孔材料夹层的“三明治”叠层结构。通过对叠层结 构进行的动态压缩测试，显示含有空心球/Al 微孔材料的叠层结构能明显地阻 碍应力波的传播。阻碍应力波的传播主要来源于叠层结构中的空心球/Al 微孔 材料，并且与空心球/Al 微孔材料的基体性能密切相关。对叠层结构动态压缩 过程进行有限元模拟，在动态压缩过程中，空心球/Al 微孔材料发生了大量变 形，且承受了大部分应力。绝大多数应力波被反射回入射杆，透射杆几乎不发 生位移。因此，叠层结构起到了很好的应力波防护效果。 关键词：空心球/Al 微孔材料；飞灰空心球；微观组织；压缩行为；吸能性能 II - Abstract Energy absorbing materials are able to protect these components subjected to dynamic impact loading in the transportation, machinery, engineering structures, weapons and aerospace industry. Based on the application of the impact protection and previous investigations on energy absorbing materials, one advanced cenosphere/Al syntactic foam, which is an aluminum microporous composites, are designed and fabricated. Cenosphere/Al syntactic foam are fabricated using pressure infiltration technique. Two kinds of aluminum matrix of cenosphere/Al syntactic foam are selected 1199 Al alloys and 6061 Al alloys, besides the fly ash cenosphere as a reinforced particle is selected different diameter of 70μm, 120μm, 200μm. Cenosphere/Al syntactic foam are systematically investigated the microstructure, compression behavior and impact energy absorption properties by using optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPBs). Moreover, the deformation mechanism of compression and effects from the size of cenosphere on properties of cenosphere/Al syntactic foam are discussed, respectively. Properties of the cenospheres are characterized by XRD and TEM. The results show that the main chemical composition of the cenosphere is SiO2 and Al2O3, the density is in the range of 0.66g/cm3, the porosity content is