民国初年的监察制度述论-中国近现代史专业毕业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 民国初年，标榜民主法制的共和政体因封建君主政体被推翻 而建立。作为政体不可或缺的监察制度也在西方资产阶级民主 监察思想和中国传统监察思想影响下相继建立。民国初年较为 完备的监察制度在严肃法纪、整顿吏治、纠劾官邪、制衡行政 权、保障国家机器正常运转等方面起了一定作用。同时，由于 当时社会历史条件的的制约，未能发挥其应有的监察职能。总 的来看，民国初年的监察制度推动了我国监察制度的近代化进 程，对加强我国监察制度的建设和廉政建设具有重要借鉴意 义。 关键词：民国初年i 监察制度j 国会： 平政院? 文官高等惩戒委员文审计院j AbstractIn Abstract In the early days of Republic of China(1912—1916)，the republic which advertised democracy and legality was found on the ruins of feudal monarchy on the heels of the relevant supervisory system，an indispensable part of government system was established under the guidance of both westem democratic supervision ideas and Chinese traditional ones．In that period the comparatively perfect supervisory system brought about some effects on such aspects as enforcing the law and discipline，readjusting the official administration，checking official corruption，restricting and balancing the power of administration and guaranteeing the normal foundation of the state machinery．It goes without saying that the supervisory system at that time had its positive influence on democracy and legality．Howeveg being restricted by multiple factors of social and historical conditions in that period．it failed to perform its due functions．So as far as its overall functions were concerned。it was a failure．At any rate，it advances the modernization of Chinese supervisory system and affords significant lessons for the construction of supervisory system and an honest and clean government in china． Key words： Republic of China Supervisory System Congress The Administrative Lawsuit Count The Supreme Punish!ng Congress Auditing Council 2 民国初年的监察制度述论(1912——1916) 民国初年的监察制度述论 (1912——1916) ．-‰。。一 月|J 吾 我国监察制度有着悠久的历史，经历了中国古代监察制度、近代监察制度和现代监察 制度三个发展阶段。1911年，孙中山领导的辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的封建君主统治，创立 了中华民国，民主共和政体代替了君主专制政体。作为政体的重要组成部分的监察制度也 随之发生了划时代的历史性变革，即从封建君主专制控制下由言谏制度和御史制度组成的 古代监察制度向糅合西方资产阶级民主监察制度和中国古代监察制度传统的近代监察制度 转变。在民国初年，国会、平政院及其肃政厅、文官高等惩戒委员会、审计院等机构依法 行使监察权。这对当时的国家政治制度和以后的中国监察制度建设产生了重要的影响。 史学界对历史研究领域中作为～个独立课题的北洋军阀史的研究相对薄弱，专著主要 有：陶菊隐