黄海南部海门近岸牡蛎礁发育的物质基础和环境背景-自然地理学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 I I 摘 要 黄海南部海门市近岸蛎蚜山牡蛎礁是国内罕见的鲜活牡蛎附生在古牡蛎礁体上的 区域，具有极高的科学考察和旅游开发价值，于2007年被批准成为江苏首个国家级海洋 特别保护区。中国的现代牡蛎礁多发育在河口，可是江苏省海门市近岸黄海海域的蛎蚜 山牡蛎礁却发育在非河口地区。为什么发育在非河口地区？至今还没有确切的答案。为 了揭开这个谜，在中国近海海洋综合调查与评价项目（908）的支持下，在牡蛎礁区挖 取了剖面，钻取了钻孔，进行了岩相、粒度、磁化率、黏土矿物、孢粉和硅藻等环境代 用指标的分析，并进行了14C年代的测试。 通过对钻孔岩芯的分析，建立了本区大约 5 万年以来的环境演变系列。结果发现， 大约距今 4~2 万年之间（末次冰期间冰段），该区曾经为潮滩沉积环境。大约距今 2-1.2 万年之间发育了 1-2 米厚的陆相硬黏土。大约 12000 年以来又演变成潮滩沉积环境，大 约在距今 6400 年前开始出现河口沙坝或者潮流沙脊沉积环境。 蛎蚜山牡蛎礁就发育在河口沙坝或者潮流沙体相沉积基底上和环境中。牡蛎礁发育 的时间不象过去认为的只有几百年或者一千多年的历史，本文研究认为牡蛎礁开始发育 的时间早于 4000 年，可能在距今 6400~4000 年之间。黏土矿物特征显示出，该区的泥 沙主要来源于长江，蛎蚜山牡蛎礁的发育与长江口影响密切相关。随着长江河口的南迁， 现在的环境背景已经不太适合牡蛎礁的发育。 关键词：黄海 海门 现代牡蛎礁 潮流沙脊 沉积环境 Abstract Abstract II II Abstract The oyster reef of Liyashan which lies near the shore in Haimen southern Yellow Sea, is a rare region with the character of living oysters attaching on ancient oyster reefs. It plays a very important role on scientific investigation and tourism development and was approved to become the first national special marine protected areas of Jiangsu province in 2007. Most living oyster reefs develop at the estuaries in China. However, Liyashan oyster reef lying in the Southern Yellow Sea coast near Haimen develops in the non-estuary and the reason still remains an unsolved matter. In order to disclose the truth, we excavated on this region and bored a hole. Consequently, funded by 908 project, we performed the relative analysis of environmental proxies such as lithofacies, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, clay minerals components, pollen and diatom, and 14C dating. Through the analysis of boring hole samples, we established the chronology of environmental variation for about 50 millennium in this region. The result shows that this area was a subtidal deposit environment between 40 millennium BP to 20 millennium BP (interglacial periods of Last Glaciation) and developed thick hard clay land facies between 20 millennium BP to 12 millennium BP. Thus it evolved to subtidal deposit environment again about 12 mi