民国时期甘肃森林资源流失研究-体育教育训练学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

II II 摘 要 民国时期，甘肃从前代继承的森林资源遗产并不丰富，但其前期森林资源 状况远较后期为优。民国时期甘肃森林资源流失剧烈，特别是在 1929 年到 1949 年 20 年期间，流失规模及流失速度堪称历史之最。甘肃森林资源的流失形态主 要有燃料消耗、用材消耗、毁林开荒、畜牧业破坏、森林灾害等，其中战争的 影响无处不在。甘肃森林资源的大量流失，是以动荡的政治环境、落后的经济 活动方式和文化教育为社会背景的。民国时期甘肃森林资源对甘肃人民在战后 和灾后的重建做出了贡献，但对林木的砍伐是掠夺式的，木材利用方式低下， 利用率低，浪费严重，并没有发挥出林业在国民经济中应有的作用。民国时期 甘肃曾经掀起大规模的全民植树造林运动，但因为种种原因，其成效不高。森 林资源的极度流失，导致当时及其后世薪材、木材缺乏，生态环境恶化并由此 而引起的自然灾害频繁，对社会经济造成严重危害。其所留下的遗患，我们今 天不得不去面对。今人在西部大开发过程中，一定要对民国时期甘肃森林资源 的流失进行反思，充分认识到森林生态系统在当前的重要性，加强生态观念， 加强天然林保护，坚持植树造林，改造环境，走可持续发展道路，避免悲剧的 再度发生。 关键词：民国时期 甘肃 森林资源 流失 III III Abstract The forest resources inherited from former times by Gansu was not rich during Republic of China, but the condition of forest recources in early stage of Gansu was more better than the later stage. During the whole Republic of China , the forest resources of Gansu drained fiercely, especially in 20 years from 1929 to 1949, the drains scale and speed reached highest in history.The drain form of Gansu forest resources mainly included fuel consumption, timber consumption, destroy the forest to open up wasteland, animal husbandry destroy, forest disaster and so on. Wars influenced everywhere. The turbulence political context, backwardness economic activity way, backwardness culture and education were as the social background of the massively drain of Gansu forest resources in Republic of China. Gansu forest resources had made the contribution to the Gansu people after postwar and the disaster reconstruction in Republic of China, but the wood cutting was predatory, wood utilization and utilization rate were low, the waste was serious, so it had not played the role which should have. Gansu had set off a large-scale afforestation to plant trees ,but for various reasons, their effectiveness was not high.Forest resources draining caused firewood and lumber lacks at that time and its future generation, more serious problem was the deterioration of ecological environment,and the damage was caused by this natural disaster on the socio-eco