马克思的自由人联合体思想分析-马克思主义哲学专业毕业论文.docx

II II Abstract On the basis of atomism, modern liberalism insists on individual will and emphasizes the innate idea that men are born free, which is basically accepted by both Locke and Rousseau, however, Locke emphasizes individual freedom in natural state while Rousseau put more stress on that in social state. This reveals the inner contradiction of liberalism since the 17th century. Hegel and utopian communists perceive that modern subjective philosophy causes the limitations of people’s viewpoints on individual liberalism, they advocate philosophizing people’s rights, obligations and their relations from the perspective of realistic social community, and attempt to reconstruct the relationship between individual and society, individual and country. Their viewpoints arouse Marx’s sympathy, which are, however, criticized by Marx without exception. Marx’s thought of “community of freeman” is formed through inheriting and criticizing modern liberalism, Hegel’s philosophic thinking and utopian communism. Starting from realistic individual viewpoint, Marx’s thought of “community of freeman” stresses that living individual is the first premise of human history, and all social structures and forms of state come into being in the process of individual life, thus, the development of society should take the overall development of man as ultimate aim. Furthermore, Marx believes that there is no individual who has no real contacts with outside world for individuality is formed by certain social relations, thus, individual development and individual freedom are unable to realize without certain community. Consequently, Marx proposes that the overall and free development of individual should be realized by developing productivity and constructing the community of freeman. As to country and society, Hegel considers civil society as the lower stage of spiritual development rather than real existence, instead, he believes that country is the actual being of ethical entity, howeve