铅在铁路岩石边坡创面人工土壤中的迁移特性研究.docVIP

铅在铁路岩石边坡创面人工土壤中的迁 移特性研究 陈朝琼 辜雨露 冷叶浪 康镇 黄启航 刘新 成都医学院公共卫生系 摘要： 山区大规模的铁路建设产生了大量的岩石边坡，前期研究表明边坡创面人工土 壤受Pb污染，且有中等程度的富集。土壤类型、植被搭配类型是影响Pb迁移特 性的重要因素，而目前却未见人工土壤及植被搭配类型对Pb迁移特性影响的相 关报道。该研究以铁路岩石边坡创面人工土壤为对象，利用原子吸收分光光度 法、红外光谱法分析了人工土壤对Pb的吸附-解吸特性及机制;运用野外人工模 拟降雨实验，进一步考察在暴雨径流作用下，Pb在不同植被搭配类型的边坡人 工土壤中的迁移过程。结果表明人工土壤对Pb的吸附量随着溶液平衡浓度的增 加而急速增加，等温曲线呈“S”型，Freundlich方程能较好地描述人工土壤对 Pb的吸附行为，R2为0.91。二次幕函数方程能较好描述NHAC对铅的解吸过程, R2为0.96。人工土壤有高岭石红外光谱特征吸收峰，属于高岭石型图谱。高岭 石表面一011、腐殖质表面一011和一C001I参与吸附作用，置换出11+。人工土壤易 将交通运输产生的Pb固定，但又容易再次释放。不同植被搭配类型边坡Pb流失 量表现为草本〉草本+灌木〉草本+灌木+乔木。暴雨径流作用下Pb随沉积物相流失 是边坡创面人工土壤Pb流失的主体，边坡土壤的侵蚀是导致Pb迁移扩散的主要 原因，因此促进边坡植被的恢复，减小边坡人工土壤的侵蚀作用是防止Pb迁移 扩散的关键。 关键词： 人工土壤;铅;迁移;岩石边坡;植被搭配类型; 作者简介：陈朝琼，1979年牛，成都医学院公共卫牛系副教授 e-mailqq. com 作者简介：刘新，e-mail :fly-czy@163. com 收稿日期：2016-08-08 基金：国家自然科学基金项目 Migration Characteristics of Pb in the Artificial Soils on the Surfaces of Railway Rock Slopes CHEN Zhao-qiong GU Yu-lu LENG Ye-lang KANG Zhen HUANG Qi-hang LIU Xin Department of Public Hea1th, Chengdu Medical College; Abstract： In mountainous areas, a large number of rock cut slopes have been left due to railway constructions. Our previous investigations have demonstrated that the artificial soil has been polluted by Pb significantly. Re-vegetation time and vegetation modes are important factors that influenced the migration characteristics of Pb in the artificial soil However, little is known regarding the effeets of thesc factors on the migration characteristics of Pb and its mechanisms. In this paper, the adsorption and desorption characteristics of Pb in the artificial soils have been studied with microwave digestion-atomic absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectrum. The migration process of Pb in the artificial soils on the slopes with different vegetation modes were analyzed by artificial rainfall experiments. The results indicated that the adsor pt ion amount of Pb increased with the increasing equilibrium concenlration of Pb, and the isothermal curve 1 iked 〃S〃.Freundlich equation