三元催化转化器及其与发动机匹配的研究-动力机械及工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要本文在全面评述了三元催化转化器技术的产生、发展和国内外研究 摘要 本文在全面评述了三元催化转化器技术的产生、发展和国内外研究 动向的基础上，详细分析了三元催化转化器工作过程、转化效率的影响 因素以及其内的传热传质现象和化学动力学。从三元催化转化器的二维 模型出发推导出了总体催化反应速度公式，可定性分析三元催化转化器 的转化性能。首次全面重点研究了发动机冷起动时三元催化转化器的起 燃温度特性，发动机处于怠速工况及按速度特性、外特性工作时三元催 化转化器的转化效率随转速的变化关系，发动机按负荷特性工作时转化 效率随负荷的变化关系，试验结果表明：在所研究的发动机工况及特性 下三元催化转化器都有较高的转化效率。对发动机排放作了详尽的分析， 并运用最小二乘法对转化效率的试验数据进行了拟合，得出的拟合公式 对以后的研究有重要的指导意义。三元催化转化器中的压力损失使发动 机的充气效率下降，随着发动机转速升高，压力损失迅速增大，充气效 率明显下降。基于上述理论，第一次深入研究了三元催化转化器中的压 力损失对发动机充气效率的影响，进而对其动力性、经济性的影响。研 究结果表明：所研究的三元催化转化器与发动机匹配良好。 关键词：三元催化转化器，发动机，特性，匹配，排放，转化效率 充气效率 ABSTRACTBased ABSTRACT Based on the round summarizing of the origin and development and future of three—way catalytic converters，the working process，the factors affected converter efficiency，the phenomena of heat and mass transfer and chemical kinetics were discussed in detail．A formula of total catalytic reaction velocity for qualitative analysis of converter efficiency was deduced from a two-dimensional model of three-way catalytic converter． The emphasis was first and roundly put on the light—off temperature performance of three—way catalytic converters at cold start．the influence of changing rotational speed on converter efficiency at idling and speed characteristic and external characteristic，and the influence of changing load on converter efficiency at load characteristic．The test result showed the converter efficiency was high at considered work condition of the engine．The engine exhaust emission was detailedly analyzed．The test data of converter efficiency were fitted with least-squares regress，and the fitted formula could offer an important guide to future research．The pressure toss in three—way catalytic converter lead to the decreasing of charge efficiency， and the higher the speed，the larger the pressure loss，so the more notable the decreasing of charge efficiency．Based on this theory，the effect of pressure loss on charge efficiency,then on power and fuel economy，was profoundly studied for the first time．The total test r