铝的阳极氧化和着色(华南师范大学物化实验).docVIP

PAGE 1 华南师范大学实验报告 铝的阳极氧化和着色 ——添加柠檬酸对氧化膜性能的影响 摘要 铝及铝合金具有密度小、比强度高、导电和导热性好、成型容易等优点，是一种综合性能优良的轻金属材料。目前，铝材在航空航天工业及建筑材料、交通工具、电子产品等领域中得到广泛使用。另外由于铝所形成的氧化膜存在均匀的孔隙，可用于有机染料进行染色处理，孔径大小不同的氧化铝膜可应用于不同的领域。使铝表面氧化的电化学工艺称为铝的阳极氧化，因此对改善阳极氧化膜性能的因素研究显得非常重要。而在电解液中添加添加剂，可明显改善氧化膜性质，如硬度、厚度和耐蚀性能等。本次探究以柠檬酸添加剂作为研究对象，探究其对阳极氧化铝绝缘性能、耐腐蚀性能以及着色能力的影响。实验探究发现，往电解液中添加柠檬酸，可有效增加氧化膜厚度，并提高阳极氧化铝的绝缘性能和耐腐蚀性，但着色效果很差，几乎不能着色。 关键词：阳极氧化；柠檬酸；添加剂；绝缘性能；耐腐蚀性；着色； Abstract Aluminum and aluminum alloy, which have strong advantages in low density, high strength and excellent quality in conducting electricity and heat, is a kind of integrated light metal material with excellent performance. Currently, the aluminum material are widely used in the aerospace industry, construction materials, transport, electronics and other fields. The film of the Alumina formed by the presence of porosity apertures so that it can be used for the organic dye. Alumina film with different sizes of aperture can be applied to different areas. The crafts to oxide of the aluminum surface in electricity way is called aluminum anodic oxide and it is very significant for researchers to study deeper. Based on the former study, when adding the additive in the electrolyte, the film properties can be significantly improve, such as hardness, thickness and corrosion resistance. The inquiry took citric acid as the additive, explore its impact on anodized aluminum insulation properties, corrosion resistance and coloring capabilities. It found that the addition of citric acid to the electrolyte solution can effectively increase the thickness, the insulating properties and corrosion resistance of the oxide film, but the coloring property is poor, hardly colored. Keywords ：anodizing；Citric acid；Additive；insulation function；Corrosion resistance；Coloration function 一、研究进展 1.1阳极氧化膜研究进展综述 影响阳极氧化膜性能参数的主要因素包括有电解液种类、阳极氧化电压、电流密度、氧化温度、氧化时间和铝合金成分等。 1.1.1电解液的影响 在酸性电解液中得到的是阻挡层和多孔层两层的氧化膜，而在接近中性或碱性电解液中生成的是阻挡型氧化膜。此外，氧化膜的溶解速度与电解液的浓度也有关系，浓度高时，氧化膜的溶解速度加快，膜的溶解速度大于生长速度，影响了膜的厚度