论丹纳对茅盾早期文艺观的影响-比较文学与世界文学专业论文.docxVIP

摘要十九世纪法国实证主义美学代表人物丹纳的艺术社会学对茅盾 摘要 十九世纪法国实证主义美学代表人物丹纳的艺术社会学对茅盾 早期“为人生而艺术”理论的建构有着不容忽视的影响。丹纳的艺术 社会学的基本理论命题一直贯穿于茅盾的现实主义理论构建中。其影 响主要表现在三个方面：首先，作为丹纳艺术哲学核心内容的种族、 环境、时代三决定论直接影响了茅盾早期“人生时代观”的形成。茅 盾吸取了进化论学说中的精华，融合丹纳的三决定论理论，重新阐释 新文学的本质；接受了丹纳以历史主义为研究手段的客观真实论，形 成了“‘真’统率‘美善”’的文学观，奠定了时代观的基础。其次， 丹纳美学中“人的概念”影响了茅盾“以人为本”的原则的确立。茅 盾吸取了丹纳的特征说和个性论，发展了塑造典型人物的理论，提出 了“人的文学即真的文学”的论点来阐释文学和人的关系，主张在个 性和共性统一中描写典型性格。再次，丹纳的三段式纯客观批评法曾 被茅盾用以校正中国传统主观文学批评观。茅盾选择了丹纳的社会一 一历史批评模式和注重科学客观的开放性思维模式，完成了批评理论 的构建。最后，茅盾对丹纳的理论并非不加否定的全盘接受，而是采 取批判的继承的态度，去粗取精，将其精华溶入自己的理论血脉中， 并在此基础上有所创新。总之，丹纳的理论，为茅盾的人生时代观朝 着无产阶级现实主义方向发展奠定了坚实的基础。 关键词t茅盾；丹纳；种族、环境、时代三决定论；人生时代观； 三段式纯客观批评法 AbstractThe Abstract The artistic sociology of Taine，who iS the representative on French positivism aesthetics in l 9“1 century,has great effect on the establishment of Mao Dun’s early theory“art for 1ife”．Taine’S basic theoretic proposition rubs through his establishment of realistic theory． First．the core of Taine’S artistic philosophy,that iS me Determinism： Race，environment and the epoch，directly influences Mao Dun’s early “life and epoch viewpoint”．Man Dun assimilates the elite of evolutionism and Taine’s Three Determinism to re．explain the essence ofNew Literature；accepts Taine’S view ofobjective reality by means of historicism to form his view of the real’leads‘the beautiful and the good ，thUS settles the base ofhis view ofepoch．Second，“the concept of Mall”influences the establishment of Mao Dun’S“treat Man as the core”．Mao Dun absorbs Taine’S views of character and individuality to develop the theory of figuring typical character,and presents the view of “literature of Man iS literature of the real”to explain the relation between literature and man．that iS he maintains describing typical character in the unity of individuality and commonness．Third．Taine’S syllogistic pure objective critique once was utilized by Mao Dun to revise Chinese traditional subjective literary criticism．Mao Dun chooses Taine’S social．history critical mode to complete the con