颗粒系统稳定性的理论研究-理论物理专业论文.docxVIP

摘要摘要 摘要 摘要 颗粒物质的研究是当前国际物理学前沿热点之一，然而到目前为止，人们对 颗粒物质运动规律的认识还很肤浅，描述颗粒物质的基本理论框架并没有完全建 立起来。本文重点对颗粒系统失稳的物理机理进行了研究。 本文在，，绍颗粒系统研究现状的基础上，重点考察和研究了颗粒堆积体稳定 性的问题，根据颗粒系统失稳突变过程这一典型的非平衡相变特征，把颗粒堆积 体崩塌过程看作是一类非平衡相变过程，对守恒沙堆模型进行了改进，将沙堆模 型中各类格点之间的转化过程看作是不同格点粒子数的生灭过程，并找出它们之 间的对应关系，然后借助生灭方程和生成函数方法导出了颗粒崩塌这类非平衡相 变的序参量即失稳格点粒子数密度的运动方程．通过对方程分析，得到了一组临 界指数，并运用李雅普诺夫定理分析了系统的稳定性，得到了系统由稳定变为不 稳定的临界点，这个临界点与系统中稳定格点的粒子数密度有关，当稳定格点的 粒子数密度取到某个特定值对，系统将由不稳定态转化为稳定态，这个值与具体 模型的参数选取有关。同时本文也采用随机动力学的方法，．并借鉴NPC规格化 模型得到了颗粒系统的广义势函数，求出了一组临界指数和临界标度律，两种方 法得出的结果是相一致的。 关键词：颗粒物质 沙堆模型 稳定性 自组织I}笛界 崩塌 生灭过程 AbstractMany Abstract Many physicists share an interest in granular matter in recent years， but till now researchers can not understand the behavior of granular matter completely．In this thesiS， I focus on the mechanics of instabilities in granular systems． This thesis reviews the recent advances in the field of granular matter，focusing Off the stabilities in granular systems．Considering the non—equi l ibri um character of avalanche in granular systems，the process of avalanche can be regarded as a kind of non—equilibrium phase change． Improving the conservative sandpile model，sites of the lattice are divided into two or three parts，thus the process of translate in various kinds of si tes can be regarded as a kind of birth and death process． Comparing the two kinds of process，the equat ion of order parameter can be obtained via the birth—death equation and the generating function，and a set of critical exponents can be derived in the following analysis for the equation．Then，I analyze the stabilities in granular via Lyapunov theorem，and find that the average density of particles in the stable sites play a key role about the stabilities in granular systems．When the average density of particles in the stable sites reaches a certain value，which depends on the parameter of given model，the system arrives at the critical point．In another way，a set of critical exponents and scaling law are derived by NPC normalize model，according with