陆地棉细胞质雄性不育三系的选育及初步研究-农业推广·种植业专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 细胞质雄性不育“三系”(不育系、保持系、恢复系)育种研究是 通过杂种优势途径提高作物产量和品质的重要手段。发现和培育新的棉 花细胞质雄性不育材料，广泛筛选棉花三系高优势组合，有效利用三系 法制种，足未来三系杂交棉育种和生产的发展趋势。 在陆地棉(G hirsutum L．)X瑟伯氏棉(G thurberii D．)远缘杂种后代 中发现了育性分离现象，通过选择不育株经多代回交转育，育成了三个 不育性稳定且完全不育的陆地棉细胞质雄性不育系：98．38S，8933S、 T458S；任一陆地棉可作为完全保持系；通过选择可育株经连续自交及 株对株测交筛选，育成了能完全恢复不育系育性的陆地棉细胞质雄性不 育恢复系M4074；初步实现了陆地棉细胞质雄性不育三系配套。 以哈克尼西棉(t7 harknessii B．)和陆地棉两种类型细胞质雄性不育 ．三系为研究材料，初步鉴定了它们在花器官包括花苞长度、直径、形状、 大小和花药数量等5个性状上的差异。结果表明：两类胞质间在花器官 性状上存在着差异，差异显著性因研究材料和开花时期不同而表现各 异。尤其在花药数量性状上，两类胞质在不同开花时期同一材料，同一 开花时期不同材料和不同开花时期不同材料上差异表现不尽一致，从花 器官性状尚不足以鉴别两类胞质问的真实遗传差异。 关键词：陆地棉细胞质雄性不育三系花器官 ABSTRACTThe ABSTRACT The breeding research on“three-line”(steriler,maintainer,restorer、of cotton cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)，is an important way to improve the yield and quality of upland cotton and to ufiliz heterosis．The trends of three—line hybrid cotton breeding and production in the near future is to develop new cytoplasmic sterile lines to screen cotton three—line high heterosis combinations broadly,to produce seeds efficiently by utilizing three．1ine method． We found the fertility segregation phenomenon in the of cross between Gossypium hirsutum L(upland cotton)．and G thurberii D．progenies．Based on the cross between bred three CMS sterilers of upland cotton 98-38S， 8933S，T458S were bred by selecting sterile plants and backcrossing multi-generation．Any one variety of Gossypium hirsutum L are the complete maintainer to the sterile line．And bred a Gossypium hirsutum L CMS restorer M4074 were bred bY selecting fertile plants selfing constantly and testcross sceening individual by individual． Two types of cytoplasm of CMS three—line，，G．harknessii B．and Gossypium hirsutum L，were used to study the differences of five traits of flower organs preliminarily,which include length of sepal，diameter，shape， size and the number of anther．The results indicated that the there existed some differences between flower organs ofthe two types ofCMS，the levels of significance varied with different materials