论公民环境权的法律保护-宪法学与行政法学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 环境权作为一项基本人权已经得到国际社会的广泛认可。公民环境权作为环境权 的主要内容之一，是指公民享有的在清洁、舒适的环境中生活及利用环境资源的权利。 长期以来我国存在着片面追求 GDP 增长的现象，在经济建设中实际上走上了西方国 家先污染后治理的老路，公民的环境权益没有得到足够的重视，从而导致了公民环境 权益主体利益的缺失。 目前，环境权作为一项基本人权，尚未在法律体系中予以确立，其内容零散的规 定在宪法、各部门法和单行法律当中，立法位阶过低的问题十分突出。同时由于我国 素来具有轻权利重义务的历史传统，在公民环境权保护这个问题上，我国目前的主要 做法还局限在将其视为政府的责任与义务，忽视了公民在环境治理以及公民环境权保 护中的主体地位，从而使得公民环境权意识难以深入人心。 我国的环境行政执法效率也亟需提升。环境执法分工不明确、缺乏具有专业素养 的执法人员、缺乏执法设备等问题严重制约着我国环境行政执法效率的提升，并极大 的削弱了公民对于环境执法的信心。针对以上问题本文在分析公民环境权内涵和性质 的基础上，借鉴国内外环境权保护的相关经验，探讨了对公民环境权进行保护的法律 途径。同时为更好的保护公民的环境权益，本文还提出了建立环境污染救济专项基金 的构想以及加强环境教育的建议。 关键词：公民环境权；权利属性；环境侵权；污染救济 II II Abstract The environment right as a basic human right has been widely recognized by the international community. Civil environment right as the main content of environmental right, refers to the citizens of environment in clean, comfortable life environment and resources and the utilization of the rights. Long-term since our country exists the phenomenon of mere pursuit of GDP growth, the building of economy in western countries actually on the journalistic treatment after pollution, the citizens of environmental rights dont get enough attention, which led to the interests of the subject of environmental rights of citizens missing. At present, the environment right as a basic human right, yet in the legal system be established, its contents scattered provisions in the constitution, the law and the separate law, legislation of low rates of issue is very outstanding. At the same time because our country with light right who the historical tradition, heavy duty in civil environment right protection in our country at present on this issue in the main methods of it is regarded as a limited government responsibility and duty, has neglected the citizens in environmental management and protection of the right of citizens environment, thus making the dominant position of civil environment right consciousness to thorough popular feeling. Chinas environmental administrative law enforcement efficiency als