学术论文的写作技巧.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Equilibrium properties of the morning peak-period commuting in a many-to-one mass transit system Abstract This paper analyzes the equilibrium properties of the morning peak-period commuting pattern on a many-to-one transit system with in-vehicle crowding effect and schedule delay cost in a monocentric city. Commuters are assumed to choose their optimal time-of-use decision from various stations/home locations to a single destination/workplace by trading off the travel time and crowding cost against the schedule delay cost. An equivalent mathematical programming model is proposed to characterize the equilibrium state, in which no commuter can reduce his/her total commuting cost by unilaterally changing his/her departure time or train service. Solution of the model yields many insights including the following: 1) commuters living closer to the destination choose trains also chosen by those living farther from the destination; 2) the train arriving at the time desired by everyone is utilized by commuters from all stations; 3) the farther a station is from the workplace, the longer is the peak-period departure duration from that station; 4) finally, a ‘saturated’ time period exists for each station during which the departure rate of commuters is identical and maximal. 如何写规范的学术论文 引言：继往开来的陈述 工作的缘起和意义、前人的思路和成果、本人的发展（包括方法和主要成果）。篇幅约占全文的1/5 切忌忽略前人的进展； 切忌忽略本人工作的继承性和创造性； 对本论文的研究目的和意义、研究方法和所得结果得创新之处等要逐一说明； 切忌重复摘要中的叙述； 切忌过于简短。 从前言看出作者的涉足深度和学术观点 1. Introduction The growing traffic congestion in large cities worldwide has led to economic inefficiency, social disruption, excessive energy consumption and increased levels of pollution. It is generally recognized that the mitigation of these problems requires efficient provision and utilization of public transportation systems. This has become an important issue of long standing interest to economists and transportation scientists. In the end of 1960s, scholars started to derive the optimal interstati