《感染性疾病》致病机制.ppt

Adaptive (specific) immunity (1) humoral immunity (2) Cell-mediated immunity --- mediated by antibodies through neutralizing and ADCC etc. --- mediated by T lymphocytes through CTL and Th1, as well as γδT (1) Humoral immunity a. related to viral antigens b. Ab to viral antigens * neutrilizing antibody: IgG, IgM, IgA interfering with the initial events of virus multiplication cycle, e.g: combine with receptor * hemagglutination inhibition antibody: IgG * complement fixation antibody: IgG, IgM c. roles of antibodies to viruses * to prevent re-infection * to terminate primary infection by limiting the spread of extracellular virus * to be marker for diagnosis, especially for epidemiology study (2) Cellular immunity once viruses enter cells, the roles of humoral immunity is limited a. cells of cellular immunity T cell: CTL--- cytotoxicity Th1--- lymphokines γδT--- NK, macrophages and K b. roles of cellular immunity * to kill the viruses in cells * to promote recovering from viral illness (3) Immunity persisting time related to following factors 1) infection scope (extent) 2) sero-types 3) virus variation Transmitted pattern of virus infection 1. horizontal transmission： 2. Vertical transmission： most common in HBV，HIV，CMV and Rubella virus 1. Inapparent viral infection 2. Apparent viral infection： 1）acute infection： 2）persistent infection： Types of virus infection about persistent infection virus body persisting a long period Reasons --- weaker immunity weaker Ag or change of Ag location or abnormal replication Integration of nucleic acid 1) Chronic infection --- chronic and in progress --- course o