面向太阳电池光阳极的氧化锌纳米结构制备与性能-材料学专业论文.docxVIP

Ti02相似的禁带宽度，但其相对介电常数更小，电子迁移速度更快，而且容易制备 Ti02相似的禁带宽度，但其相对介电常数更小，电子迁移速度更快，而且容易制备 成多种形貌，成为光阳极研究的重点。 本文利用水热法以及电化学刻蚀法，在低温的条件下成功的制备出了不同形 貌的ZnO结构，这些结构有：纳米线、纳米块、纳米管、上花下管结构、复杂结构 、：’ 。ZnO纳米线得到是由于原料HMT在纳米线侧面的不断吸附；而随着反应溶液浓 度的增大，纳米线变长变粗，簇拥成纳米块；纳米管是EDA水解产生的OH’对纳米 帷’ 块沿极面向下刻蚀得到的；上花下管则是由于HMT在高温下水解的大量OH‘不均 匀刻蚀的结果；随着温度继续升高，时间继续增长，这种刻蚀更加不均匀，出现部分 花状，部分管状，部分裸露的复杂结构。 为了研究不同形貌的ZnO结构的性能，本文又进行了电池性能测试、解吸附 测试和电化学阻抗谱测试。测试结果表明而纳米线尽管染料吸附量较小，效率较 低，但是有着最大的染料利用率和最小的电子传输电阻；上花下管的结构展现了 最高的电池效率，因为它有最大的染料吸附量和较小的传输电阻；纳米块和纳米 管阻抗很大，吸附染料较少，效率很低；而复杂结构尽管染料吸附量较大，但是其 出现了短路问题，电池效率很低。因此说，上花下管结构是最合适的ZnO光阳极结 构，而纳米线是一个非常有研究潜力的结构。 钿 ■ 关键词：水热法不同形貌znO结构上花下管纳米线 r electron electron mobility and easy to be synthesized into a variety of morphologies． In this paper,different morphologies of ZnO structure，including nanowires， nanobulks，nanotubes，up—flowers—down-tubes，complex structures，were synthesized by hydrothermal and electrochemical etching methods．ZnO nanowires are formed due to the continuous adsorption of HMT on its lateral planes；nanobulks were synthezed by connecting longer and thicker nanowires at higher concentration of reaction solution；nanotubes are prepared by etching polar planes of nanobulks by the OH。hydrolyzed from EDA；a so·called up—flowers-down-tube nanostructure was obtained by etching at higher concertration of OH’ions at high temperature；a complex structure composed of flowers，tubes，and bared substrate Was formed at higher temperature and longer time． In order to investigate the properties of different ZnO structures，the nanostructrues were assembled into solar cells and their performances were tested． On the other hand，desorption testing and electrochemical impedance were introduced．The results show that although the dye adsorption of nanowires is weaker and the cell efficiency is poor,it has a maximum dye utilization and minimum resistance of electronic transmission；the structure of up．．flowers．．down．．tubes shows the highest cell efficiency,because it has the largest dye adsorption and smaller tran