中英文对照第八章晶体的结构与晶体材料.docxVIP

第八章晶俸的穡构鸟晶俸材料 小组成员：张海娟(070601301) 翁琳琳(070601302) 董炎玲(070601303) 汤龙女(070601304)陈爱玲(070601305) 朱泽艺(070601343) 1用晶体结构的能带理论解释导体、半导体和绝缘体的区别。 Explain the differences during conductors, semiconductors and insulators with the crystal structure of the energy band theory. 答：能带结构可以解释固体中导体、半导体、绝缘体三大类区别的由来。材料的 导电性是由“传导带”中含有的电子数量决定。当电子从“价带”获得能量而跳 跃至“传导带”时，电子就可以在带间任意移动而导电。 一般常见的金属材料，因为其传导带与价带之间的“能隙”非常小，在室温 下电子很容易获得能量而跳跃至传导带而导电，而绝缘材料则因为能隙很大(通 常大于9电子伏特)，电子很难跳跃至传导带，所以无法导电。一般半导体材料 的能隙约为1至3电子伏特，介于导体和绝缘体之间。因此只要给予适当条件的 能量激发，或是改变其能隙之间距，此材料就能导电。 Answer: The band structure can be interpreted in solid conductors, semiconductors, insulators distinction between three categories of origin. Conductivity of the material is decided by the number of electrons contained in the Mconduction band11 ? When the electron from the valence band to gain energy and jump to the ^conduction band役 the electron can be any movement of the belt between the conductive which can cause to conduct electricity. To general common metal materials, because of Henergy gapn between its conduction band and valence band is very small, electron can get the energy easily to jump to the conduction band and electrical conductivity at room temperature, while because of the energy gap is large (usually greater than 9 cv), insulating material is difficult to jump to the conduction band, it can not conductive. Energy gap of semiconductor materials is about 1 to 3 ev. In general, ranging between conductors and insulators? Therefore, as long as giving the appropriate conditions for the energy of excitation or changing its energy gap of the pitch, this material can be conductive. 2.金属键和共价键中离域电子有何本质不同？试用费米能级解 释之。What are essential differences between delocalized electron in metal bond and covalent bond? Try to explain it with the Fermi level? 答：自旋为半整数（1/2等）的电子是“费米子”，故金属中的“自由”电子氛 服从费米一一狄拉克统计分布规律：仏二—幕— 式中f“为电子在能级E上的概率，Ef为费米能级，k为玻耳兹曼常数，T为 热力学温度。根据珀二 一,T二0K吋，有 ￡（匕-）/2 +] 当EEh,则认二1； 当 EEf,则 f“二0; 当 E二E卜,则 fl二 1/2； 由fi的行为可以看出，费米能级是0K时电子所能占据的最高能