非洲当代城市中的贫民窟与非正规社区_以内罗毕为例_.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE # 2018 Vol.33, No.5 | UPI PAGE PAGE # 2018 Vol.33, No.5 | UPI 文章编号：1673-9493 (2018) 05-0062-08 中图分类号：TU984.3 文献标识码：A DOI:10.22217/upi.2018.246 非洲当代城市中的贫民窟与非正规社区：以内罗毕为例 Slums and Informal Settlements in Contemporary African Cities: Nairobi as a Case Study 黄正骊 Huang Zhengli 摘要：内罗毕正在经历的城市化体现出“多重飞地”的特征。在全球 国际资本和本地人口城市化的双重作用下所产生的城市贫民窟，在空 间上有着拥挤混乱等显著特征，但同时具有复杂的内在组织力量。本 文以肯尼亚内罗毕贫民窟为典型的这一高密度、低收入、非正规的贫 困人口聚居形成的城市景观，通过探寻它的空间、社会、文化形态来 探寻它在全球化和后工业时代的新身份，并结合城市非正规性理论， 建立与当代城市相关的非正规社区体系。作者通过实地调研及参与贫 民窟的改造项目，针对内罗毕几个典型贫民窟的内部组织方式，从土 地管理、房地产市场、住房建设、社区服务等四个方面来解读非正规 聚落的组织形态，同时对内罗毕作为后殖民城市的非正规性进行了梳 理，将贫民窟放置在非正规城市化的宏观进程中进行研究，为研究非 正规城市提供文本。 Abstract: This research focuses on an important part of the African cities today： the ‘slums. The term of slum is often used to describe places with limited sanitation facilities and scarce resources, where living conditions are extremely poor. However, slums are heterogenous and are normally self- governed in a complex way, which is largely neglected by both the media and the academy. The issue of the slums is not simply the intersection between the problem of housing and the problem of poverty. But the deep-rooted misunderstanding and misinterpretation of slums have led to improper interventions. This research tries to re-identify the slums and explore the logic behind the slums： the informality. Drawing on case studies in Nairobi, it reads and analyzes the slums in four dimensions： land management, informal real estate, construction of housing, and community services. Through these scopes an enriched content of urban informality in today’s Africa can be unfolded. 关键词：城市化；内罗毕；贫民窟；非正规城市；城市更新； 贫困住房 Keywords: Urbanization; Nairobi; Slum; Informal Urbanization; Urban Renewal; Housing for the Poor 作者：黄正骊，同济大学建筑系博士，英国谢菲尔德大学城市研究与规划 系助理研究员。 zhengli.huang@sheffield.ac.uk 贫民窟与城市非正规性理论 撒哈拉以南非洲的城市化正在快速发生，其中出现大 量以高密度.低收人.基础设施匮乏为特征的聚居现象。这 些聚居地彼此差异很大，但总体而言常被称为“贫民窟”或 “非正规聚落”（informal settlement)。这两个名词在主流城 市研究中并不常见：“贫民窟”带有价值判断，容易在制定 对策时带来误导[1]。而“非正