低影响开发的类型.pptVIP

Types of LID Controls: Lessons Learned (and Still Learning!) James Lenhart, PE, D.WRE Stormwater Control Measures Courtesy of American Rivers Surface/Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Use gravel to store and infiltrate water between storms Sub-Surface Infiltration Use chambers or pipes underground to store or infiltrate Courtesy of CONTECH Subsurface Infiltration Sub-Surface Infiltration Use chambers or pipes underground to store or infiltrate Needs pretreatment Underground injection (UIC) Considerations Must heavily protect during construction Maintainable? Bioretention BIORETENTION Bioretention/Biofiltration Volume Based SCM CSO abatement Infiltration and ET Vegetated Systems Helps prevent clogging Irrigation? Amended Soils/Media Compost (Lenhart,2006) Phosphorus and Nitrogen (Ma, 2010) Stormwater Planters Distributed Volume Control Can be a significant design amenity Biorention/filtration Tree Box Filters 250 cm/hr Sacrificial Mulch Highly engineered media Micro Bioretention Wet and Dry Swales Wetlands Surface wetlands Subsurface gravel wetlands Permeable Pavement Infiltration based SCM Eliminates concentrated flow and increases Tc Significant volume reduction through infiltration and peak runoff reduction by detention Permeable Asphalt and Concrete Percolation rate Strength Temperature Maintenance Super Pervious Pavers Parking lots Driveways Walk ways Tree wells Pervious Paving Systems Issues Underlying Soils Subsurface Loading Climatic issues Traffic Loads Pollutant Load Operation and Maintenance (OM) Rainwater Harvesting Vector Issues Water Quality Consumptive Use Smart Systems OptiRTC Significant peak flow reduction and runoff volume reduction Green Roofs  Media Depth Texture Field Capacity Saturation Capacity Evapotranspiration Design Extensive and Intensive Trays vs. Built Up Load Cost Green Roofs Extensive Intensive Green Walls Blue Roof and Downspout Disconnection Blue R