第三章英文资料补充.doc

第三章英文资料补充 George Elton Mayo (1880～1949) Personal background ·born 26 December 1880 ,Adelaide ,Australia ·studied philosophy and psychology at the University of Adelaide ·lecturer and later professof of philosophy psychology, University of Queensland, Australia,1911-23 ·married Dorothea McConnel, 1913 ·conducted research programme in industrial psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania ,1923-6 ·commenced involvement in Hawthorne experiments ,1928 ·developed human relations theory of management ·conducted research on human relations in wartime industries during the Second World War ·retired and moved to England to write and continue consulting work,1947 ·died 1 September 1949,Guildford ,England ? Major works The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization (1933) The Social Problems of an Industrial Civilization (1945) ? Summary Elton Mayo sought to apply the insights of psychiatry and the social sciences to the organization of work and to management practice. He criticized engineers and management theorists, such as F.W. Taylor, for focusing solely on the technical organization of work and for believing that workers were solely motivated by economic incentives. Using the findings of the Hawthorne experiments, in which he was the pivotal figure, Mayo argued that managers needed to take account of the social organization of the workplace and the human needs of the workers .The writings of Mayo and his colleagues at the Harvard Business School formed the basis of human relations theory and had a significant impact on management theory and practice in the 1940s and 1950s. (The IEBM Handbook of Management Thinking, Edited by Malcolm Warner, P440) Ablaham H. Maslow (1908～1970) Personal background ·born Brooklyn ,New York 1 April 1908 ·trained as behavioural psychologist ,specializing initially in primate social behaviour ·professor of social psychology at Brandeis University and president of the American Psychological Association(1967-8);? Previously taught at Brookly