外文翻译--燃料电池及其发展前景.docVIP

设计巴巴工作室 文献翻译 英文原文： Fuel Cells and Their Prospects A fuel cell is an \o Electrochemistry electrochemical conversion device. It produces electricity from \o Fuel fuel (on the \o Anode anode side) and an \o Oxidizing agent oxidant (on the \o Cathode cathode side), which react in the presence of an \o Electrolyte electrolyte. The reactants flow into the cell, and the reaction products flow out of it, while the electrolyte remains within it. Fuel cells can operate virtually continuously as long as the necessary flows are maintained. Fuel cells are different from electrochemical cell \o Battery (electricity) batteries in that they consume reactant from an external source, which must be replenished--a thermodynamically \o Thermodynamic system open system. By contrast batteries store electrical energy chemically and hence represent a thermodynamically closed system. Many combinations of fuel and oxidant are possible. A hydrogen cell uses \o Hydrogen hydrogen as fuel and \o Oxygen oxygen (usually from air) as oxidant. Other fuels include \o Hydrocarbon hydrocarbons and \o Alcohol alcohols. Other oxidants include \o Chlorine chlorine and \o Chlorine dioxide chlorine dioxide. Fuel cell design A fuel cell works by \o Catalysis catalysis, separating the component \o Electron electrons and \o Proton protons of the reactant fuel, and forcing the electrons to travel though a \o Electronic circuit circuit, hence converting them to electrical power. The catalyst typically comprises a platinum group metal or alloy. Another catalytic process takes the electrons back in, combining them with the protons and oxidant to form waste products (typically simple compounds like water and carbon dioxide). A typical fuel cell produces a voltage from 0.6 V to 0.7 V at full rated load. Voltage decreases as current increases, due to several factors: \o Overpotential Activation loss Ohmic loss ( \o Voltage drop voltage drop due to resistance of the cell compon