VII 植物发育专题课件.ppt

Genetic control of the adaxial-abaxial axial patterning in Arabidopsis leaf PHAB/PHAV expression in the adaxial side YABBY expression in the abaxial side Root tissues are produced from the root apical meristems The root meristem A set of initial cells Each tissue of the root Plant development 1 The model and uniqueness of plant development 1.1 An overview of plant development 1.2 The fundamental difference between plant and animal development 2 Embryonic development 2.1 Plant embryos develop through several distinct stages 2.2 Patterning of the basic body plan in plant embryos 2.3 Specification and formation of the apical meristems 3 Post-embryonic development (Organogenesis) 3.1 Vegetative growth (Root, Shoot and Leaf development) 3.2 Reproductive growth (Flower development) Flower development Flowers develop from the shoot meristem. In most plants, the transition from a vegetative shoot meristem to a floral meristem that produces a flower is largely or absolutely under environmental control (important determining factors): Temperature Day length In Arabidopsis, the vegetative shoot meristem first becomes converted into an inflorescence meristem (花序分生组织), which then forms floral meristems, each of which develops completely into a single flower Carpel: 心皮 Stamen: 雄蕊 Petal: 花瓣 Sepal: 萼片 Flower development The conversion of a vegetative shoot meristem into one that makes flowers, triggered by environmental conditions, involves the induction of so-called floral meristem identity genes such as LEAFY (LFY) The meristem identity genes are necessary and sufficient for the vegetative-reproductive transition Homeotic genes control the identity of the floral organs (Patterning of flower) Three classes of genes called floral organ identity genes seem to control the basic patterning of a flower. These genes specify the identity of the different floral organs, and have a function equivalent to homeotic selector genes in Drosophila (The ABC model for floral