耶鲁大学心理学导论(第四课).docVIP

心理学导论第四课 我想在这节课的开始先回头讲讲弗洛依德I actually want to begin by going back to Freud 解决一下上节课遗留的几个问题and hitting a couple of loose ends. 我周三上课的时候跳过了部分就跳过没讲I said, quot;We don’t have time for thisquot; and I just whipped past it. 可整个周末 我都因此而寝食难安And I couldn’t sleep over the weekend. I’ve been tormented. 我不该跳过它们 所以现在我要讲一下I shouldn’t have skipped that and I want to hit-- 先告诉大家我当时为什么跳过没讲Let me tell you why I skipped it. 我所跳过的是关于The discussion I skipped was the discussion of quot;我们为何会有无意识quot; 的讨论why we would have an unconscious at all. 我当时正在讲So, I was talking about 在科学上颇有名望的弗洛依德理论the scientifically respectable ideas of Freud 我想给大家讲一些新的and I want to talk about some new ideas 关于quot;无意识为何会存在quot;的理论about why there could be an unconscious. 我之所以没讲是因为Now, the reason why I skipped it is 我不能肯定这是考虑这个问题的最佳方式I’m not sure this is the best way to look at the question. 正如我们将会在这门课中了解到的As we will learn throughout the course, 尤其是绝大多数的大脑活动by far the vast majority of what our brains do, 绝大多数的心理活动the vast majority of what our minds do, 其实都是无意识的 是无法察觉到的is unconscious and we’re unaware of it. 因此 问题或许不该是So the right question to ask may not be, quot;为什么有些心理活动是无意识的quot;quot;Why are some things unconscious?quot; 而应该是quot;为什么心理活动的一小部分but rather, why is this tiny subset of mental life-- 为什么这一小部分是有意识的quot;why is this conscious? 另一方面On the other hand, 这些关于无意识功能的主张these claims about the utility of unconsciousness, 是很具有煽动性很有趣的I think, are provocative and interesting. 所以我想很快地来给你们大家讲一下So I just wanted to quickly share them with you. 那么 从进化的观点来看So, the question is, from an evolutionary standpoint, 要问的问题便是quot;无意识为何得以进化quot;quot;Why would an unconscious evolve?quot; 一些心理学家与生物学家们所给出的答案And an answer that some psychologists and biologists have given 是欺骗is deception. 大多数动物都会有一些欺骗行为So, most animals do some deception. 而广义上的欺骗是以愚弄的方式And deception defined broadly is simply 使他人相信虚假之事to act or be in some way 认为虚假之事是真实的that fools others into believing or thinking 或是使他人对虚假之事做出反应or responding to something tha