刚体转动惯量论文.docVIP

刚体转动惯量的测定 --10物理学（师范） 李海旗 2010284112 【摘要】刚体转动惯量（moment of inertia of rigid body）,（1）是刚体转动时惯性的量度，其量值取决于物体的形状、质量分布及转轴的 位置。刚体的转动惯量有着重要的物理意义，在科学实验、工程技术、航天、电力、机械、仪表等工业领域也是一个重要参量。转动惯量是描述刚体转动惯性大小的物理量，是研究和描述刚体转动规律的一个重要物理量，它不仅取决于刚体的总质量，而且与刚体的形状、质量分布以及转轴位置有关。对于质量分布均匀、具有规则几何形状的刚体，可以通过数学方法计算出它绕给定转动轴的转动惯量。对于质量分布不均匀、没有规则几何形状的刚体，用数学方法计算其转动惯量是相当困难的，通常要用实验的方法来测定其转动惯量。因此，学会用实验的方法测定刚体的转动惯量具有重要的实际意义。 实验上测定刚体的转动惯量，一般都是使刚体以某一形式运动，通过描述这种运动的特定物理量与转动惯量的关系来间接地测定刚体的转动惯量。测定转动惯量的实验方法较多，如拉伸法、扭摆法、三线摆法等，本实验是利用“刚体转动惯量实验仪”来测定刚体的转动惯量。为了便于与理论计算比较，实验中仍采用形状规则的刚体。 本次试验中，我们采用TM-A智能转动惯量实验系统，电脑毫秒计，砝码，电子天平以及毫米刻度尺来进行刚体转动惯量的大致测量刚体的转动惯量。 【关键词】 力矩 转动惯量 角加速度 摩擦力 Determination of moment of inertia ---Lee Hoi Kay (2010284112) Physics (normal) [Abstract] of moment of inertia (moment of inertia of rigid body), (1) is a rigid body rotation inertia measurement, whose value depends on the shape of the object, the quality distribution and shaft position.The rotational inertia of rigid body with significant physical meaning, in a scientific experiment, engineering, aerospace, electric power, machinery, instrumentation and other industrial fields is also an important parameter.Moment of inertia of rigid body rotational inertia is to describe the size of the physical quantity, is the study and description of rigid rotation law is an important physical quantity, it depends not only on the total mass of rigid body, and the shape of a rigid body, mass distribution as well as the shaft position.For a uniform mass distribution, with regular geometry of the rigid body, through mathematical method to calculate it given to rotate around the axis of inertia.For the non-uniform distribution of the mass, no rules the geometry of the rigid body, with mathematical method to calculate the moment of inertia is quite difficult, usually uses the experimental method to determine the moment of inertia.Therefore, learn how to use the test method