需求响应的价值和应用.pptx

The value of demand response需求响应的价值和应用;Pioneer of the DR industry 行业领跑者 Founded in 2001 创立于2001年 Over $200m invested in DR technology 需求响应技术投资超过2亿美金 Largest DR Operator 最大的集成商 ~50 electricity systems 超过50个电网系统 More than 15,000 CI customer sites 超过15000个工商业企业用户 Proven Reliability 持续的稳定性 ~400 dispatch events globally in 2015 2015年，全球发起响应调度400多次 100% average delivery of commitment every year 每年高于100%的平均响应量 ;;Use case 1: Emergency demand reductions案例分析一：应急需求响应 (减少用电需求）;It’s a challenge to meet peak demand cost-effectively能够有效经济地满足用电高峰一直是电网面临的挑战;KPX Reliability DR program;Use case 2: Frequency control案例分析二：调频服务;Markets need to be ready for contingency events市场需要为紧急情况作??准备;They can rely on generation to stabilize frequency…传统电力系统依赖发电厂进行调频;…or they can rely on load to trip off-line instead或者， 他们也可以通过控制需求来调频。;Loads respond rapidly to contingency events;Use case 3: Operating reserves案例分析三：运行备用储量;Navigant Consulting. Carbon dioxide reductions from demand response, 2014.;Source: EnerNOC and AESO data;Conclusions 结语;Availability payments to aggregators that are independent of actual dispatches 容量付费，支付于调度与否无关，调度是在支付后的义务 IESO, AESO, PJM, ISO-NE, NYISO, CAISO, ERCOT, PJM, Great Britain, Ireland, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, France, Western Australia … all do this 美国、英国、爱尔兰、韩国、日本、中国台湾、法国、澳洲市场都使用容量付费 Independent aggregators that compete freely in the market 独立的集成商自由竞争 70+% of DR is provided by independent aggregators in mature DR markets 成熟的需求响应市场中，70%以上的响应由专业集成商提供 ;;In successful DR markets: 成功长足发展前提： Capacity payments are required and are separated from energy payments 要有单独的容量付费 DR aggregators receive payments and share them with customers 集成商的服务要得到价值体现，收到付款 和 大部分分享给用户 DR payments are funded the same way that generators’ payments are funded DR收费应与发电厂收费同等看待（虚拟电厂） Two simple ways of determining payments are: 2种简单 常规定价方式 Creating a benchmark capacity price (e.g., Korea) 设定基准容量价（韩国） Running a competitive bid process (e.g., Taiwan) 竞价模式（台湾）;19