通信英语（翻译短文）.docVIP

1.If we consider binary transmission, the complete information about a particular message will always be obtained by simply detecting the presence or absence of the pulse. By comparison, most other forms of transmission systems convey the message information using the shape, or level of the transmitted signal; parameters that are most easily affected by the noise and attenuation introduced by the transmission path. Consequently there is an inherent advantage for overcoming noisy environments by choosing digital transmission.研究二进制信号的传输可见，只要简单的区判别脉冲的有和无，完美就获得了一条消息的全部信息。相比之下，许多其他形式的传输系统是利用被传信号的波形或电平的高低来传送信息的，而这些参数又极易受到传输途径中的噪声和衰耗的影响。因此选择数字传输系统在克服噪声环境的影响方面有其固有的优势。 2.The reader may ask, how does the demultiplexer know which group of 8-digits relates to channel 1,2, and so on? Clearly this is important! The problem is easily overcome by specifying a frame format, where at the start of each frame a unique sequence of pulses called the frame code, or synchronization word, is placed so at to identify the start of the frame. A circuit of the demultiplexer is arranged to detect the synchronization word, and thereby it knows that the next group of 8-digits corresponds to channel 1.读者也许会问，分路设备怎么会知道哪一组8位码对应于第1路、第2路及其他各路呢？显然这是很重要的。这个问题是很容易解决的。我们只要制定一个帧格式，即在每一帧的开始放置一个被称作帧码或同步字的独特码序列以标志每帧的起始，而用分路设备的一个电路去检测同步字，从而就知道下一个8位码组对应于话路1。 3.Noise can be introduced into transmission patch in many different ways : perhaps via a nearby lightning strike, the sparking of a car ignition system, or the thermal low-level noise within the communication equipment itself. It is the relationship of the true signal to the noise signal, known as the signal-to-noise ratio, which is of the most interest to the communication engineer. 噪声可以以多种不同方式进入传输信道，比如说因为附近的闪电、汽车点火系统的打火或因通信设备本身低电平的热噪声所致。正是这种被称为信噪比的东西，即真实信号与噪声的关系引起了通信工程师的极大的兴趣。 4.Basically, if the signal is very large compared to the noise level, then a perfect message can take place; however, this is not always the case. For example, the signal received fr