传热学10-FundRadiation-2010.pptVIP

Chapter 10 Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation The wavelength at which the emission of radiation from the filament peaks is easily determined from Wiens displacement law to be Example 10-1 Emission of Radiation from a Light Bulb Discussion Note that the radiation emitted from the filament peaks in the infrared region. 10-4 RADIATION INTENSITY Radiation is emitted by all parts of a plane surface in all directions into the hemisphere above the surface, and the directional distribution of emitted (or incident) radiation is usually not uniform. Therefore, we need a quantity that describes the magnitude of radiation emitted (or incident) in a specified direction in space. This quantity is radiation intensity. 10-4 RADIATION INTENSITY Solid Angle ( 立体角 ) or Note that plane angle: 10-4 RADIATION INTENSITY Intensity of Emitted Radiation The radiation intensity for emitted radiation Ie(?, ?) is defined as the rate at which radiation energy is emitted in the (?, ?) direction per unit area normal to this direction and per unit solid angle about this direction. 10-4 RADIATION INTENSITY The radiation flux for emitted radiation (emissive power E) can also be expressed in the form: The emissive power from the surface into hemisphere surrounding it can be determined by : 10-4 RADIATION INTENSITY For a diffusely emitting surface: For a black body: 10-4 RADIATION INTENSITY Incident Radiation The intensity of incident radiation Ii(?, ?) is defined as the rate at which radiation energy dG is incident in the (?, ?) direction per unit area of the receiving surface normal to this direction and per unit solid angle about this direction. Irradiation: 10-4 RADIATION INTENSITY When the incident radiation is diffuse, Note that the intensity of incident radiation is based on the projected area. 10-4 RADIATION INTENSITY Radiosity (有效辐射) The rate at which radiation energy leaves a unit area of a surface in all directions is called the radiosity J. 10-4 RADIATION INTENSITY