无线火灾自动报警系统设计.docVIP

哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文 - PAGE II - - PAGE II -- - 无线火灾自动报警系统设计 摘要 火灾现已成为当今社会破坏力和影响力最强的灾害之一，在城市建设的迅猛发展的同时，火灾发生的频率及损失也正在逐年提高。随着电子产业的发展,有线通讯设备逐渐在被无线通讯产品取代。鉴于安全问题的严重性考虑，性能优越的无线火灾报警设备越来越受到人们的关注与青睐。 本文以无线火灾报警系统为研究对象，研究了火灾形成过程及其探测方法，讨论了离子感烟探测器的工作原理。通过对几种常见的无线通讯技术进行比较，选择了工作于ISM频段的1GHz以下射频芯片nRF401实现系统无线通讯功能。设计了一种由AT89S51单片机、离子型烟雾检测报警芯片MC14468、单片无线射频收发芯片nRF401构成的适合于楼房安防系统的小型无线火灾自动报警系统，其结合了离子烟雾检测、短距离无线通讯技术、单片机与PC间的串行通讯技术，深入研究了火灾探测器和火灾报警控制器，并全面阐述了火灾探测器和报警控制器及中继的硬件设计。利用C语言对单片机进行编程，完成了烟雾探测器、无线模块、单片机与PC间串口通讯的主程序设计。由于使用了无线通讯技术和以FSK(频移键控)调制解调技术为技术核心的nRF401无线射频收发芯片，使系统性能大大提高，尤其是在系统报警的实时性和可靠性方面。 本系统省去了工程布线，可以稳定快速的实现火灾情况实时监控及报警，在短距离的火灾报警领域有较高的应用价值。 关键词　离子烟雾检测；短距离无线通讯；串口通讯；中继 Design of Automatic Wireless Fire Alarm System Abstract The fire has become one of the most destructive disasters in the society.There is an rapid development in urban construction,while the frequency of fires and the loss is increasing year by year.With the development of the electronics industry, cable communications equipment is gradually being replaced by wireless communication products.Considering the seriousness of safety, wireless fire alarm equipments with Superior performance are getting more and more attention and favor. Automatic wireless fire alarm system studied the formation and detection method of fires,discussed the ionization smoke detector works.Compared several common wireless technology,a chip named nRF401 is choosed to achieve the following system of automatic wireless communication,which works at ISM band radio belower than 1GHz.It designed a small automatic wireless fire alarm system which is composed with AT89S51 and an Ion Smoke Detection chip named MC14468 and a single-chip RF transceiver chip named nRF401,can work on security systems for buildings.It combinates with ion smoke detection, short-range wireless communication technology,and Serial Communication Technology between Microcontroller and PC . Fire detectors and fire alarm controller are studied deeply.It has a comprehens