《改进型Smith预估补偿控制在火电厂过热器中的应用》-毕业论文（设计）.docVIP

PAGE 摘　要 现代锅炉的过热器是在高温、高压条件下工作的，锅炉出口的过热蒸汽温度对电厂安全经济运行具有重大的影响。造成过热器出口温度变化的主要原因有：蒸汽扰动、过热器和吸热量扰动、过热器入口汽温扰动。在各种扰动作用下, 过热汽温动态特性具有大延迟、大惯性、时变性和非线性的特点, 从而加大了汽温控制的难度。火电厂采用的常规过热汽温控制系统基于传统的PID 控制, 很难在鲁棒性和控制品质之间取得良好的效果。 简单的控制理论无法保证过热汽温的稳定和平衡，运用Smith预估补偿控制系统体现出很好的性能。该控制可以解决因为较大的纯延迟、相位滞后现象的存在而引起的系统的超调量增大，调节时间加长，进而降低整个控制系统的稳定性的问题。 Smith控制系统对模型的精度有很大的依赖程度，但其对控制对象参数变化过于敏感，不能获得很好的控制效果。改进型Smith补偿控制系统克服了这个缺点，而且对纯延迟有很好的控制作用。 仿真结果明：Smith预估器可以克服超调大、响应速度慢的缺点，但在扰动下，Smith预估器对模型误差非常敏感，并且控制作用随着模型误差的变大，变得越来越弱，难于在过程控制中广泛应用。而改进型Smith预估器克服了模型误差敏感的问题，控制作用明显，具有很强的鲁棒性。 关键词：纯延迟；过热器；Smith预估器 Abstract  Heated steam boiler temperature have a significant impact on power plant safety and economic operation. The superheater outlet temperature of the main reasons are: steam disturbance, superheater and heat absorption disturbance, superheater inlet temperature disturbances. In a variety of perturbations, the superheated steam temperature and dynamic characteristics of large delay, large inertia, time-varying and nonlinear characteristics, thereby increasing the steam temperature control more difficult. Conventional thermal power plants using superheated steam temperature minus the temperature control system is based on the traditional PID control, it is difficult to achieve good results in the robustness and quality. Simple control theory can not guarantee that the superheated steam temperature stability and balance, the use of the Smith predictor compensation control system can reflect a good advantage. The control can solve the larger pure Modern boiler superheater in high temperature, high pressure, pure delay, the existence of the phenomenon of phase lag caused by the overshoot of the system increases, the adjustment longer, thereby reducing the stability of the whole control system. Smith control system a great deal of reliance on the accuracy of the model, but its effect on the control object parameters changes is too sensitive and can not get good control effect. Improved Smith compensation con