2土壤化学概述_Introduction_to_Soil_chemistry_.pptVIP

LeiGongShan; Charge Balance Nearly charge balance for Precipitation No charge balance for soil water. Why? I 3.4 10-5 4.9 10-4 Organic charge, Ac- Charge by organic anions is calculated using Olivers model (Oliver et al., 1983) on Total organic carbon (TOC) values derived from UV 254 nm absorbencies (仅供参考！) Calc. mg C/L TOC = OD254 · 30.2 Ac- = m · TOC · Ka/(Ka+ [H+] ) m = acidic functional groups on DOC (μeq/mg C) m = 5.5 μeq/mg C Ka = dissociation quotient for organic acid (mol/L) Ka = 10^-0.96 + 0.90 pH - 0.039 pH2 Organic charge, Ac- Organic charge can also be found by running the Alchemi program with Ala and organic present (tri-protic model) Alchemi.ppt Indroduction Alchemi 子目录 Program with userguide Alkalinity Alkalinity is the amount of protolyzed weak acids in a water sample Alkalinity is mainly bicarbonate, but may include organic anions Alkalinity is determined by titration (滴定） of a water sample to pH 4.5 Alkalinity in a water sample represents the capacity to withstand a decrease in pH in response to acid addition (buffer) Alkalinity Ion balance (in mmolc L-1) is always valid: H+ + Na+ + K+ + Ca2+ + Mg2+ + Al3+ = SO42- + Cl- + NO3- + HCO3- + Ac- or H+ + Al3+ + Base Cations = Strong Acid Anions+ HCO3- + Ac- Thus: Alkalinity = HCO3- + Ac- -H+ = BC + Al3+ - SAA HCO3- + Ac- = alkalinity + H+ = BC - SAA + Al3+ - H+ At pH 5 we can assume HCO3- + Ac- = 0 Corrected Alkalinity Alkalinity at pH 5: Little Al in solution; Al is deleted from equation Titration down to pH 4.5 not only protonates weak organic acids. It also increases the free H+ activity to 31.62 μeq/L (check this!) So (all in μeq/L): Measured alkalinity (=H+titrated) = Alkalinity + 31.62 Therefore, Alkalinity = H+titrated - 31.62 (all in μeq/L) Corrected alkalinity (HCO3- + Ac-) HCO3- + Ac- = alkalinity + H+ = H+titrated - 31.62 + H+ Carbonate equilibrium CO2 dissolves in waterCO2(g) ? CO2(aq) and hydratesCO2(g)+H2O ? H2 CO3*(aq) pKH=1.5 and protolyzeH2 CO3*(aq) ?