现代英国文学 Lesson 13-William Golding.ppt

3.5 Political Concern: Falling from Democracy to Tyranny 民主 → 专制 Contribution to politics: literary mimicry of small children’s wild game on a desert island: the present realities in the modern world 儿童游戏演绎现实成人政治 Allegorical demonstration of his political thoughts on grave issues: Dictatorship or democracy, power struggle and party strife, the tyranny of the minority and the tyranny of the majority 政治议题：专制 vs.民主，党内权力斗争，少数人的暴政，多数人的暴政 Ralph and Jack: two different types of government: “Which is better—to have rules and agree, or to hunt and kill?” Two Different Governments Benign Ralph民主政治: rational, orderly, cooperative government, lawful and democratic organization: the conch: rights to vote and speech 民主自由权利 Wild and violent Jack 残暴专政: the Beast and Feasts -- mass mobilization by coercive and persuasive means, Consequence：Masses → Mobs 野兽恐吓 + 野餐诱惑：威胁镇压+高调说服 – 软硬兼施发动群众 Jack defeated Ralph: dictatorship beat democracy The tyranny of the majority: the violent deaths of Simon and Piggy and impending death of Ralph: Castle Rock → the Gate of Hell 多数人的暴政 → 鬼门关 Pessimistic View on Modern Political Situation 对现代政治局势的悲观态度 Shattered democracy in modern society: “the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist.” 海螺被砸碎：民主被破坏 Political insight on the government and the people: “It is simply this. With bad people, hating, uncooperative, selfish people, no social system will work. With good people, loving, co-operative, unselfish people, any social system will work.” 坏人当政 ……；好人当政…… ? 3.6 Nature intruded by Modern Man现代人对自然的破坏  Lover of nature: The Wild Rose; wild plants and flowers in his works; love for his country -- love for the natural world of his native land: “So my Wiltshire life is, and has been, flowery.” “the English preoccupation with flowers and all the gentler aspects of nature.” 英国：鲜花世界 Worry about human trespass on nature: